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Aural Rehab 2
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the goals of audiometric testing? | identify the sensitivity of hearing across an array of frequencies, identify the site of lesion for any deficits, and measure listening abilities |
| How does audiometric testing identify the sensitivity of hearing across an array of frequencies? | through pure tone testing in dB HL (usually 250-8000 Hz, now trending to 16,000 Hz) |
| How does audiometric testing identify the site of lesion for any deficits? | comparing air conduction to bone conduction, finding if the problem is in the outer, middle, inner ear, or a combination of each, and looking for evidence of a central abnormality |
| How does audiometric testing measure listening abilities? | through word recognition testing and speech in noise testing |
| What do audiologists use to evaluate hearing and listening abilities? | through otoscopy, tympanometry, acoustic reflex testing, otoacoustic emissions, and electrophysiologic measures |
| What is an otoscopy? | a visual inspection of the ear |
| What is a tympanometry? | Monitoring ear drum movement and middle ear function |
| WHat is acoustic reflex testing? | measuring the stapedius muscle |
| What is otoacoustic emissions testing? | measuring the outer hair cell emissions |
| What is the electrophysiologic measures? | newborn hearing screening |
| What is NRR? | the amount of protection that earplugs give |
| What will someone with mild hearing loss experience? | may miss some speech sounds in quiet, some difficulty in noise (may miss up to 50% of words; consonants) does NOT mean minimal problems |
| What will someone with a moderate hearing loss experience? | Difficulty in conversations in quiet, great difficulty in noisy situations |
| What will someone with severe hearing loss experience? | ver difficult time hearing speech; needs aid to understand, nearly impossible to converse in noise |
| What will someone with a profound hearing loss experience? | will not hearing speech, conversation without some form of aid is not possible; even with hearing aids it will be challenging |
| What levels of hearing loss benefit from hearing aids? | Mild, moderate |
| What levels of hearing loss benefit from cochlear implants? | severe, profound |
| What is air conduction? | sound traveling through each section of the ear, how we hear on a daily basis |
| What is bone conduction? | sound traveling through the inner ear only |
| How do audiologists determine the type of hearing loss? | comparison of data obtained using air conduction transducer vs. bone conduction transducer |
| What do supra aural and insert headphones test? | outer, middle, and inner ear as well as neural pathways |
| What do bone oscillators test? | the inner ear |
| What type of testing transducer is best for masking? | insert headphones |
| If someone has normal air conduction and normal bone conduction, what would one expect of their hearing? | normal hearing |
| If someone has a loss of air conduction but normal bone conduction, what would one expect of their hearing? | a conductive loss |
| If someone has a loss of air conduction and a loss of bone conduction, what would one expect of their hearing? | either a sensorineural or mixed loss |
| What is a significant air-bone gap? | 15 dB (anything above 10 dB) |
| How is air bone gap counted? | in 5 dB |
| How many frequencies need a bone gap >10 dB to be significant? | only one frequency |
| What are the treatment options for a conductive hearing loss? | treat the cause, refer to ENT, suggest assisted listening devices |
| What does bone conduction stimulate? | the better ear, no matter where the transducer is placed |
| What are the treatment options for a sensorineural hearing loss? | Aural rehab/communication strategies, hearing aids, cochlear implants, assistive listening devices |
| What are the treatment options for a mixed hearing loss? | treat the conductive component, hearing aid/cochlear implant/aural rehabilitation for remaining sensorineural component |
| Who can benefit from hearing aids? | patients with "unaidable" hearing may use HA for sound awareness, any degree of SNHL, mixed loss that has reached maximal improvement, conductive loss that is not treated or has reached maximal improvement |
| What are the different types of hearing aids? | behind the ear, custom |
| What are the qualities of a behind the ear hearing aid? | has earpiece, preferred for children, Amy be more durable |
| What are the qualities of a custom hearing aid? | may be easier to place in the ear, may be better cosmetically |
| What do all hearing aids have? | a computer chip, microphones, battery door, receiver |
| What are the qualities of cochlear implant candidacy? | bilateral severe to profound hearing loss, single-sided deafness and asymmetric hearing loss, poor word understanding, minimal to no hearing aid benefit, no medical contradictions |
| How do cochlear implants work? | they replace the function of damaged sensory hair cells inside the inner ear to help provide clearer sound than what hearing aids can provide |
| What are the two parts of a cochlear implant system? | the external sound processor and the implant that is surgically placed under the skin and attached to an electrode array that is placed in the inner ear |
| What are some types of assistive listening devices? | personal listening devices, telephone and television devices, altering devices |
| What are different types of personal listening devices? | a pocket talker, wireless room systems (FM system, desktop, sound field, body worn, LOOP) |
| When does hearing loss become more prevalent? | in adults in their 40s and 50s |
| What can make hearing loss more prevalent? | loud environment, such as ear buds, power engines, and recreational vehicles |
| What are the characteristics of adults with hearing loss? | gradually loses over time, loss is greatest in high frequencies, vowel sounds are audible, high-pitched consonant sounds are more difficult, background noise adds difficulty |
| What is presbycusis? | age-related hearing loss |
| What are the causes and qualities of presbycusis? | neural or metabolic, increases with age, speech recognition abilities decline |
| How many people are impacted by presbycusis over 65 years old? | 30% |
| How many people are impacted by presbycusis between 75-79 years old? | 50% |
| How many people are impacted by presbycusis in elderly institutions? | 90% |
| How does hearing loss progress? | generally slowly, usually no dramatic point which causes people to take action |
| How many people with age-related hearing loss do not seek help? | 80% |
| of the 80% of people with age related hearing loss, how many have hearing aids? | 11%, though 3/4 of that percent actually use them |
| What is the patient-centered approach? | treating patients with dignity and respect, promoting control and independence |
| What are the successful plans of aural rehabilitation? | determine the patient's background, current status, needs, and wants |
| What are non-hearing related variables to consider when meeting a new patient? | stage of life, life factors, socioeconomic status, culture, and psychological adjustment |
| What are the stage of life factors to consider for a patient? | may confront issues with hearing loss professionally and socially, understanding will help the SLP or AuD suggest treatment options |
| What are the life factors to consider for a patient? | Influences pertaining to self, home, work, recreation, and community; services present in community (what kind of care they need, where to get it |
| What are the older adult residency/living arrangement factors to consider for a patient? | most want to maintain independence and live in a private residence, some reside in nursing homes, most nursing homes have learning loss (majority are women), and patients are likely to have a multitude of health issues |
| What are the socioeconomic factors to consider for a patient? | level of care sought (or hearing aid purchase), financial status, patient's education, patient's employment and/or insurance (access to care) |
| What are the race/ethnicity/culture factors to consider for a patient? | members of varying cultural, ethic, and racial backgrounds may have different responses to aural rehab plans, respect patient's traditions, customs, values, and beliefs |
| What are the psychological adjustment factors to consider for a patient? | hearing loss can degrade self image, self esteem, and sense of being |
| What other health care professions have responsibility for assessing a patient's physical and cognitive status? | a physician or psychologist |
| How can a visual impairment impact a patient with hearing loss? | may not be able to use speechreading, may need to modify speech perception training, enhance visual communication environment, increase lighting when needed, choose proper listening device |
| How can working memory impact a patient with hearing loss | Difficulty with: memory retention, recalling from short term memory or parts of complex sentences, understanding ambiguous sentences or with word retrieval |
| What is the patient journey? | Pre-awareness, Awareness, movement, diagnosis, rehabilitation, and resolution |
| What happens during pre-awareness of the patient journey? | family and friends may notice loss symptoms, patient becomes frustrated in difficult listening environments |
| What happens during awareness of the patient journey? | gradual onset, days to years to go from pre-awareness to awareness |
| What happens during movement of the patient journey? | patient consults doctor, friends, internet, patient moves towards consulting hearing health-care professional, has some psychological costs |
| What happens during diagnosis of the patient journey? | identify and quantify hearing loss, patient expects quick treatment and complete cure, then realize hearing loss is permanent, awareness and movement phases determine anxiety related to diagnosis |
| What happens during rehabilitation of the patient journey? | counseling, hearing aids, cochlear implants, assertiveness training, etc. May move between adjacent stages |
| What happens during resolution of the patient journey? | patient is adjusted to hearing loss, may move back to rehabilitation stage, patient feels issues are resolved but new issues may arise, not static-periods of positive feelings and hopelessness |
| What is the psychological response to a hearing loss diagnosis? | shock and disbelief, depression, anger and guilt, and acceptance |
| What is the psychological response in older adults? | emotional and social consequences, experience of paranoia, feeling insecure/irritable/fearful, increase in negative feelings with increased sense of loss, avoiding social activites |
| What are common feelings in a frequent communication partner of someone with hearing loss? | communication suffers, partner must compensate for person's hearing loss, partner's perspectives deserve attention from SLP or AuD |
Created by:
hrshook0104
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