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Misc potentials
Miscellaneous potentials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The average stimulus rate for SEPs used for intraoperative monitoring is __ per second | 4.3 |
| THe average number of responses for intraop monitoring using SEPs is __ to __ | 1000, 2000 |
| __ (arm/eg) SEPs are often used during carotid endarterectomy to evaluate CBF | arm |
| SNAPs stands for ____ | sensory nerve action potential |
| SNAPs usually have a large __ (negative/positive) peak followed by a smaller __ (negative/positive) peak | negative, positive |
| The three areas used to stimulate the the trigeminal nerve | gums, lips, mental nerve |
| The positive peak for the trigeminal nerve is about __ msec after stimulation | 20 |
| Electrical stimulation of mixed or sensory nerves can induce muscle activation beginning __ msec after the stimulus | 15 |
| The __ is presented by presenting two stimuli, one more common than the other, with the patient attending to the rarer stimuli ("oddball paradigm") | P300 |
| Recordings for the P300 are made over an electrode on the __ or __ head and a reference | central, posterior |
| The P300 is sometimes referred to as __ | P3 |
| The posited site of the P300 is in the __ __ lobe | medial temporal |
| ____ is an evoked potential contingent on a ptient's conscious perception of a stimulus; it is performed by presenting pairs of stimuli separated by 1-2 sec | contingent negative variation |
| During ___ EPs, a patient is presented with a first signal as a warning (often a click) followed by an imperative (such as a flashing light) that requires a response (such as pushing a button) | contingent negative variation |
| The CNV __ (Will/will not) develop if an imperative stimulus follows a minority of warning stimuli | will not |
| Recordings for CNV are made between the __ and __ | ear, vertex |
| Recordings for CNV require averaging __ or more responses | 10 |
| The normal CNV begins about __ msec after the warning stimulus and has a maximum about __ msec after the first stimulus | 400, 800 |
| CNV is maximal at the __ of the head | vertex |
| Averaging the potentials that precede movement shows a rising negative potential that begins ~ __ second prior to movement | 1 |
| Typical latency for P300 ranges from __ - __ msec | 250, 600 |
| Three factors that increase latency for P300 | attention, intensity, time to distinguish stimulus |
| P300 begins at age___ | 3 months |
| As children become older, P300 begins more restricted to the __ lobe | parietal |
| Causes of prolonged P300 | AD, ESRD, ETOH, MR, PD, schizophrenia |
| The two names for the potential seen prior to voluntary movement | bereitschaftpotential, readiness potential |
| The __ can be used to diagnose psychogenic movement disorders; it is seen 0.5 to 1 second prior to voluntary movement | readiness |
| TMS produces an effect of __ - __ Tesla | 1, 2 |
| TMS most likely acts at bends in __ fibers of brain | U |
| TMS acts at axon fibers that are __ (parallel/perpendicular) to the surface of the brain | parallel |
| The preferred form of electrical stimulation for MEPs | anodal |
| For MEPs, the anode is placed here | motor strip |
| For MEPs, the cathode is placed here | around the head |
| For MEPs, recording electrodes are placed here | muscle to be studied |
| Recordings for MEPs are most commonly made in the __ (arm/leg) | arm |
| The most common muscle used to record MEPs | abductor digiti minimi |
| The most commonly studied leg muscle in MEPs | tibialis anterior |
| For MEPs, the reference electrode is usually placed __ (proximally/distally) | distally |
| Bandpass for MEPs is usually set to __ - ___ | 3, 3000 |
| Analysis time for MEPs is usually set to __ msec | 50 |
| For MEPs, stimulus intensity is increased until a __ is seen, then increased at increments of __%; after that, stimuli are delivered at __% above threshold | CMAP, 5, 15 |
| For MEPs, __ stimuli are delivered and the responses are superimposed | 3 |
| For magnetic stimulation MEPs, the muscle level for biceps is __ | C3 |
| For magnetic stimulation MEPs, the muscle level for triceps is __ | C4 |
| For magnetic stimulation MEPs, the muscle level for abductor digiti minimi is __ | C5 |
| For biceps and triceps, peripheral stimulation at Erbs' point with MEPs is always __ (electric/magnetic) | magnetic |
| For hand muscles, stimulation for MEPs is delivered to the innervating nerves via __ (electric/magnetic) stimulation | electric |
| MEPs __ (can/cannot) be done in patients with skull defects with special precautions | cannot |
| MEPs __ (can/cannot) be done in patients with metal in the head with special precautions | cannot |
| MEPs __ (can/cannot) be done in patients with h/o epilepsy with special precautions | cannot |
| MEPs __ (can/cannot) be done in patients with spinal stimulators with special precautions | can |
| MEPs __ (can/cannot) be done in patients with implanted pumps with special precautions | can |
| ___ in MEPs is the difference between cortical latency and spinal latency | central motor conduction time |
| Central motor conduction time in MEPs is the difference between __ and __ latency | cortical, spinal |
| __ is usually associated with absent MEPs | ALS |
Created by:
schmittse
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