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basic set
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the systematic, pre-operative preparation of equipment, instruments, and supplies based on surgeon preference cards to ensure efficiency and safety. | case planning |
| a vital operating room professional responsible for maintaining a sterile, organized, and safe environment before, during, and after surgical procedures. | surgical field |
| any tissue, fluid, foreign body, or foreign material removed from a patient's body during a surgical procedure for diagnostic analysis, pathological study, or legal documentation | specimen |
| are stainless steel, shelf-based, and accessible, offering easy maneuverability but requiring a cover. | open cart |
| lockable metal cabinets that protect sterile integrity during transit | closed cart |
| refers to any material, instrument, or marker that is dense enough to block X-rays, causing it to appear bright white or light on imaging screens | radiopaque |
| the critical phase before surgery, starting from the surgical booking until the patient enters the operating room. | preoperative |
| the critical period during a surgical procedure, beginning when the patient is transferred to the operating table and ending upon transfer to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). | intraoperative |
| the phase immediately following a surgical procedure, where the technologist focuses on patient safety, sterilization, and room turnover | post operative |
| the phase immediately following a surgical procedure, where the technologist focuses on patient safety, sterilization, and room turnover | terminal cleaning |
| the unintended presence of harmful organisms (bacteria, viruses, spores) or infectious material on sterile objects, surfaces, or within the surgical field | contamination |
| is defined as an unwavering, consistent commitment to moral and ethical principles, most notably recognized as a "surgical conscience". | integrity |
| a customized, often digital, "recipe" or checklist detailing a surgeon's specific instrument, equipment, and supply preferences for a given procedure | surgeons reference card |
| exclude the sponges from the count remove the sponges from the field isolate the sponges from the other countable items in the operating room label the sponges remove the items from the room before the patient arrives | incorrect count: packaged items |
| Universal protocol is performed before the first insicion it allows the entire surgical team time to verify patient identity surgical side and site, and other information critical to the procedure. | timeout |
| operative procedure anesthesia planned open or minimally invasive procedure? o-arm or c-arm required? preoperative diagnosis as stated in the record patient BMI or weight category patient age category (infant, child, adult) position/incision | planning case |
| Involves a large incision to directly access organs, commonly used for complex procedures like open-heart surgery, brain surgery, or organ transplants. | open surgery |
| Uses small incisions, cameras, and specialized tools to reduce pain and recovery time, such as laparoscopy for gallbladder removal, arthroscopy for knee repairs, and robotic-assisted surgery. | Minimally Invasive Surgery |
| Uses high-intensity light instead of a scalpel, common in eye procedures like LASIK or tumor removal. | Laser Surgery |
| A camera on a flexible tube is inserted through a natural opening or tiny incision to view or operate, such as colonoscopy or sinus surgery. | Endoscopic Surgery |
| Appendectomy (appendix removal), Cholecystectomy (gallbladder), Hernia repair. | General/Abdominal |
| Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), angioplasty, heart valve replacement. | Cardiovascular |
| Joint replacements (hip/knee), fracture repairs, spine surgery. | Orthopedic |
| Hysterectomy, C-section, tubal ligation. | Gynecological |
| Liposuction, breast augmentation, skin grafts. | Cosmetic/Reconstructive: |
| Tonsillectomy, sinus surgery. | ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat) |
| Planned in advance (e.g., cataract removal, joint replacement) | Elective Surgery |
| Required immediately to save life or limb (e.g., trauma surgery, ruptured appendix). | Emergency Surgery |
| Used to diagnose, such as a breast biopsy or exploratory laparotomy. | Diagnostic/Exploratory |
| Mayo stand covers, back table covers, surgical gowns, hand towels, laparotomy/specialty drapes, various hemostatic clamps, tissue forceps, scissors, retractors, scalpel handles, and sponges. | major surgical pack |
| ensuring that all items introduced to the field are sterile, establishing a secure barrier, and maintaining vigilance throughout the process. | sterile surgical setup |
| Integrity Inspection of Supplies Time-Sensitive Preparation (Just-in-Time) Creating a Secure Sterile Field Proper Opening and Transfer of Supplies Proper Gowning and Gloving Constant Monitoring and Surveillance Environmental Control | list of sterile setup |
| Best for: Surgical site preparation, central line insertion, and pre-op showering (e.g., Hibiclens, ChloraPrep). | Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) - Commonly Alcohol-Based |
| Best for: Procedures involving mucous membranes, wounds, or patients allergic to chlorhexidine (e.g., Betadine). | Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) - Commonly Aqueous or Alcohol |
| Best for: Rapid, short-term, superficial cleaning (e.g., alcohol prep pads, IV starts) | Alcohol (Isopropyl or Ethanol) |
| Best for: Long, open surgeries requiring rapid action, persistence, and enhanced drape adhesion. | Iodine Povacrylex (e.g., 3M DuraPrep |
| Best for: Protecting delicate skin from adhesive irritation, not for disinfection. | Skin Protective Wipes/Film (e.g., Cavilon) |
| Patient preparation site preparation skin cleaning sntiseptic application drying time sterile technique | principles of surgical skin prep |
| shave 24-48 hours prior avoid waxing/plucking use clippers for surgery cleanse and exfoliate avoid sun exposure wear loose clothing | list of hair removal |
| ensure maximum effectiveness, prevent skin damage from burned surface hair, and enhance hygiene by reducing bacterial buildup and sweat. | hair removal before prepping |
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