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Chapter 8
Intro Audiology (Exam 1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the general functions of the ea? | convert sound into electrical energy that can be interpreted by the brain, converts body movements into electrical energy that can be interpreted by the brain |
| What do the outer and middle ear do? | collect sound, convert acoustic energy into mechanical energy/vibration, transmit energy/vibration to inner ear fluids |
| What is the conductive portion of the ear? | the outer and middle ear |
| What do the inner ear and auditory nerve do? | convert fluid vibration into chemical and electrical energy |
| What is the sensory portion of the ear? | the inner ear and auditory nerve |
| What is the anatomy of the outer ear? | the pinna, external auditory canal (external auditory meatus, ear canal) |
| What are the qualities of the pinna? | attaches to sides of head, cartilaginous, skin continuous with skin on the face |
| What are the qualities of the external auditory canal? | ends at the eardrum, end of the outer ear |
| What does the pinna do? | funnels sound to help gather sound waves from the environment |
| What are the two sections of the external auditory canal? | 1/3 cartilaginous portion, 2/3 bony/osseous portion |
| What is the osseocartilaginous junction? | where the two portions of the external auditory canal meet |
| What is cerumen? | ear wax, produced in the cartilaginous portion of the ear canal, exists in the ear naturally when the walls of canal are distorted by moving the jawbone |
| What is the shape of the tympanic membrane? | concave, disk-like structure, extremely thin, rich in blood supply, very good at vibrating |
| What are the two parts of the tympanic membrane? | the pars tensa and the pars flaccida |
| What is the pars tensa? | the greatest surface of the tympanic membrane |
| What is the pars flaccida? | the upper portion of the tympanic membrane where fibers are looser |
| What does the movement of the tympanic membrane cause? | the movement of the ossicles |
| What are the two main functions of the outer ear? | sound transmission to the middle ear and protection |
| How does the outer ear transmit sound to the middle ear? | the pinna collects sound and funnels it into the ear canal (which aids in localization) and the tympanic membrane vibrates, transducing sound to the middle ear |
| How does the outer ear serve as protect? | the meatus is small and curved which restricts entry, and cerumen ahs some antibacterial, antifungal, lubricating, and trapping fuctions |
| What is an otoscope? | an instrument with a light and magnification used to visualize the EAC and TM |
| What should you see in a healthy ear using an otoscope? | the cone of light, manubrium of the malleus, and potentially the long process of the incus |
| What is an otoscopy used for? | to identify risk factors for outer and middle ear issues |
| What does one look for during an otoscopy? | ear canal abnormalities, pinna abnormalities, blood, other secretions, stenosis (narrow EAC), atresia (no EAC), otitis externa (outer ear infection), or perforations/abnormalities of the TM |
| How does hearing loss relate to the outer ear? | some abnormalities of the outer ear do not result in hearing loss, but if they do, it is a conductive hearing loss |
| What is the Pinna important for? | sound localization |
| What is lop ear? | helix folded down |
| What is cauliflower ear? | deformity of the ear usually due to force/blow |
| What is microtia? | pinna is underdeveloped, could have a closed EAC |
| What is anotia? | no pinna, could have a closed EAC |
| What is Atresia? | a lack of formation of all or part of the outer ear |
| What is stenosis? | narrowing of the eac |
| What happens during a collapsing EAC? | opening of the EAC is blocked and entering sound is attenuated |
| What does attenuated mean? | decreased, reduced |
| What is external otitis media? | infection of the skin lining of the EAC, often called swimmers ear, can be painful or itchy, can cause inflammation of the tympanic membrane |
| How can a growth in the EAC impact hearing? | it may not be evident unless the growth is of a size that blocks the EAC |
| What is osteomas? | a bony tumor in the EAC |
| WHat is an exostoses? | an outward projection of portions of the bone (seen in those who swim a lot in cold water) |
| WHat are the properties of cerumen? | antibacterial, lubrication, trapping |
| How can cerumen vary? | in color, presence, thickness, and texture |
Created by:
hrshook0104
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