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chest positioning
quizet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two most common landmarks for chest positioning? | Jugular notch and vertebra prominens |
| What level does the vertebra prominens correspond to? | C7 |
| Is the xiphoid process a reliable landmark for determining the lower margin of the lungs for chest positioning? | False |
| What is the upper margin of the lungs at the level of? | Vertebra prominens |
| What structure serves as a common passageway for both food and air? | Pharynx |
| Where is the jugular notch located? | On the sternum |
| What is the correct anatomic name for the Adam's apple? | Laryngeal prominence |
| What structure serves as a lid over the larynx to prevent aspiration of food or fluid? | Epiglottis |
| Which structure is considered to be most posterior? | Esophagus |
| What is the term for the lower concave area of the lung? | Base |
| Which structure is considered to be most inferior? | Carina |
| What is the internal prominence where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi called? | Carina |
| What is the inner layer of the pleura that encloses the lungs called? | Pulmonary pleura (visceral pleura) |
| What condition results from air or gas escaping into the pleural cavity? | Pneumothorax |
| Which of the following is NOT considered a mediastinal structure? | Epiglottis |
| Which structures are considered organs of the thoracic cavity? | Mediastinum, Heart, Aorta, Thymus |
| At what level is the laryngeal prominence located? | C5 |
| At what age is the thymus gland at its maximum size? | Puberty |
| At what level is the heart located in the anterior chest? | T5-8 |
| What percentage of the population does the asthenic body type make up? | 10% |
| Where should the central ray (CR) be centered for an AP supine adult chest projection? | 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch |
| What should occur for an AP portable chest on an older or hypersthenic male patient? | The CR should be centered 3 inches (8 cm) below the jugular notch. |
| Which clinical indication often requires the inspiration/expiration chest series? | Small pneumothorax |
| What is a common radiographic sign seen on a chest radiograph for a patient with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? | Air bronchogram |
| Which type of body habitus typically requires that the image receptor be placed crosswise for a PA chest? | Hypersthenic |
| When must radiographic grids be used in chest radiography? | For exposure factors using 100 kV or greater. |
| Do geriatric patients generally require higher CR centering than younger patients? | True |
| What is the recommended centering technique for adult chest radiography? | Top of image receptor placed approximately 1 ½ to 2 inches above the shoulders. |
| What should the upper border of the collimation field be set at? | At the level of vertebral prominens. |
| Are electrocardiography and echocardiography the same procedure? | False |
| Which statement is NOT true regarding the lungs? | Aspiration occurs more in the left than the right lung. |
| How many posterior ribs should be seen above the diaphragm on a well-inspired average adult chest PA projection? | A minimum of 8 ribs. |
| Which object does NOT have to be removed before a chest radiography? | Glasses |
| What suggestion would improve the inspiration of lungs if only seven ribs are seen above the diaphragm? | Take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on first. |
| What indicates objectionable rotation from a true lateral in a lateral chest radiograph? | Greater than 2 cm separation of the posterior ribs. |
| What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest? | Increased magnification of the heart. |
| What is crucial to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest? | Patient in erect or decubitus position. |
| How can the effects of breast shadow be lessened in a PA chest radiograph? | Ask patient to lift breasts up and outward. |
| What specific positioning error is indicated if the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right? | Rotation into the left anterior oblique (LAO) position. |
| What factors must be applied to minimize distortion of the heart? | 72-inch (183 cm) SID. |
| Which positioning action will remove the majority of the scapulae from the lung fields? | Roll shoulders forward. |
| True or False: Scoliosis and kyphosis may produce asymmetry of the sternoclavicular joints and rib cage. | True. |
| Where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the chest for an average size female patient? | 7 inches (18 cm) below the vertebra prominens. |
| What condition is characterized as an irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles? | Bronchiectasis. |
| What type of CR angle is required for the AP semiaxial projection for the lung apices? | 15° to 20° cephalic. |
| Which chest oblique position will best demonstrate the right lung field? | 45° RAO. |
| What can a technologist do to reduce the magnification of the heart in an AP supine chest? | Increase SID as much as possible. |
| What positioning routine should be performed on a patient with possible pneumonia? | PA and left lateral projections. |
| What position/projection would be best to rule out pleural effusion in a patient who cannot stand? | Left lateral decubitus. |
| What position would best demonstrate a pneumothorax in a patient who cannot stand or sit erect? | Left lateral decubitus. |
| What additional projections would assist with the diagnosis of a possible calcification near a rib? | Inspiration/expiration PA. |
| Which additional projection can be taken to demonstrate a possible mass beneath the right clavicle? | AP lordotic. |
| True or False: In anterior oblique radiographs of the chest, the side of interest is the side furthest from the IR. | True. |
| True or False: The vertical dimension of an average PA chest is greater than the horizontal dimension. | True. |
| True or False: A small pneumothorax may be detected by performing inspiration and expiration PA projections. | True. |
| Where is the CR centered for the AP apical lordotic projection? | Midsternum. |
| True or False: Exposure for the lateral projection of the upper airway should be made during a slow, deep inspiration. | True. |
| Why must the technologist slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP erect & semi-erect projections of the chest? | To prevent clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs. |
| True or False: The use of high kV (110 k) requires the use of a grid during chest radiography. | True. |
| Which positioning line must be placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for an AP projection of the upper airway? | Acanthiomeatal. |
| Which of the following is NOT a form of occupational lung disease? | Tuberculosis. |
| What condition requires an increase in manual exposure factors due to lung collapse? | Atelectasis. |
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