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Lesson 6.3 Notes

The notes from lesson 6.3 in anatomy and physiology.

Question/TermAnswer/Definition
How much does the brain weight? Only about 2 to 3 pounds.
How many cells is the brain made of? An estimated 100 billion neurons and billions more glial cells.
What are the 4 main parts of the brain? The cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum.
Corpus callosum The connection point where myelinated axons connect the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum.
Cerebral cortex The outside of the cerebrum composed of grey matter.
Basal nuclei Interspersed grey matter inside the cerebrum between the white matter.
Gyrus Raised areas on the cerebrum
Sulcus Grooved areas on the cerebrum
Convolutions The general term for gyruses and sulcuses.
True/False: No 2 brains have the exact same patterns of convolutions. True
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum? Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
What does the frontal lobe do? Primarily controls motor neurons, directs speech, and handles intellect.
What does the parietal lobe do? Processes sensory impulse.
What does the temporal lobe do? Handles speech, hearing, vision, memory, and emotion
What does the occipital lobe do? Processes vision from the messages from light that enters the eyes.
What part of the brain has the most myelinated axons? The corpus callosum
What are the 3 main parts of the diencephalon, the interbrain? Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
What does the thalamus do? Acts as a router for sensory and motor neurons, regulates arousal or level of alertness and sleep
What does the hypothalamus do? Regulates the autonomic nervous system, homeostasis, and pleasure
What does the epithalamus do? Includes the pineal gland and regulates sleep cycle hormones
What is the midbrain? The relay station for sensory and motor neurons acting as a more advanced thalamus managing vision, hearing, motor functions, sleep cycles, alertness, and temperature regulation
What does the pons do? Sits below the midbrain and regulates breathing
What does the medulla oblongata do? Sits below the pons and regulates the circulatory system and respiratory system
Where is the cerebellum located? Below the occipital lobe.
What does the cerebellum do? Coordinated body movements and balance with inputs from the eyes, inner ear, and sensory receptors, and manages body part positions and motions, correcting anything when needed
What composes the cerebellum? 2 hemispheres, outer grey cortex, and convolutions like the cerebrum
What are meninges? Protective coverings over the brain and spinal cord.
What is the order of mater meninges layers? Dura, arachnoid, and pia.
What is the dura mater? The hard membrane that lies beneath the skull that is tough and double layered.
What is the arachnoid mater? A web-like membrane between the dura and pia that acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord that also contains vessels for blood for the brain and spinal cord
What is the pia mater? The innermost layer that is attached to the brain and spinal cord and is softer.
What percentage of blood is circulating in the brain? 20% to 25%
What is the blood brain barrier there for? To protect the brain from the harmful levels of hormones, irons, respiratory gases, drugs, and some nutrients to maintain good balance.
What is a reflex? An involuntary, natural, and almost instantaneous reactions and movements to a stimulus that do not require brain involvement or thought inputand the brain may or may not be able to prevent.
What are the 3 neurons involved in reflexes in order of activation in response to stimuli? Receptor, interneuron, then motor neurons.
Created by: CommsMKSoz
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