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aviation

QuestionAnswer
What was the primary purpose of early aircraft instruments? To give pilots basic flight and engine information.
Which instruments were used on the Wright Flyer? Stopwatch, anemometer, pitch indicator.
Why did pilots need instruments as aircraft became faster? Visual cues became unreliable at high speeds.
What is a glass cockpit? A cockpit with digital screens instead of gauges.
How did computers change cockpit workload? They reduced workload by automating tasks.
Why were blind flying instruments developed? To allow flying without outside visibility.
What role did the transistor play in instrument evolution? Made instruments smaller and more reliable.
How did enclosed cockpits affect pilot sensory input? Reduced natural cues, increasing reliance on instruments.
What was the first instrument used to measure yaw on the Wright Flyer? A yaw string.
Why is understanding instrumentation critical for AMEs? Because instruments are vital to flight safety.
Define absolute pressure. Pressure relative to a vacuum.
Define differential pressure. Difference between two pressures.
Pressure relative to ambient air.
What is the standard atmospheric pressure in PSI? 14.7 PSI.
What instrument measures atmospheric pressure? Barometer.
What is an aneroid barometer? A barometer using a sealed metal capsule.
How does an aneroid barometer work? Capsule expands/contracts with pressure changes.
What is the principle behind differential pressure instruments? Comparing two pressures.
What is a pitot-static system? System supplying pitot and static pressure.
What does an airspeed indicator measure? Airspeed from pitot minus static pressure.
What does an altimeter measure? Altitude.
How does altitude affect absolute pressure? Pressure decreases with altitude.
What is indicated altitude? Altitude shown on the altimeter.
What is pressure altitude? Altitude with 29.92 set.
What is a Kollsman window? Window for barometric setting.
What is flight level 320? 32,000 feet.
Why do altimeters need multiple pointers? To show large altitude ranges.
What is an encoding altimeter? Sends altitude data electronically.
What is a radio altimeter? Measures height above ground.
What is hysteresis in altimeter testing? Lag due to mechanical elasticity.
What is indicated airspeed? Airspeed shown on the instrument.
What is calibrated airspeed? IAS corrected for errors.
What is true airspeed? Actual speed through the air.
What causes position error in static systems? Disturbed airflow at static ports.
What is Vne? Never-exceed speed.
What is a machmeter? Shows Mach number, each mach being the speed of sound
What does Mach 1.25 mean? 1.25 times the speed of sound.
What is a combination airspeed indicator? Shows airspeed and Mach.
Why is pitot heat important? Prevents pitot icing.
What happens if the pitot tube is blocked? Airspeed becomes unreliable.
What does a VSI measure? Rate of climb or descent
Why does a VSI lag? Because of the calibrated leak.
What is an IVSI? Instantaneous VSI.
How does an IVSI reduce lag? Uses accelerometers.
What is the main function of a VSI? Shows climb/descent trend.
What mechanism does a VSI use? Diaphragm with calibrated leak.
What happens when the aircraft levels off? Returns to zero.
Why is VSI considered a backup instrument? Backs up the altimeter.
What does the diffuser in a VSI do? Controls airflow.
How does pressure change indicate climb or descent? Lower pressure = climb; higher = descent.
What is delta T? Temperature difference.
What is a liquid expansion thermometer? Uses liquid expansion to find the temp
Why are liquid thermometers rare in aircraft? Fragile and inaccurate.
What is a solid expansion thermometer used for? Cabin/environment temperature.
How does a gas expansion thermometer work? Gas pressure changes with temperature.
What is a bourdon tube? Curved tube that straightens with pressure.
What is a resistance change temperature instrument? Measures temperature by resistance change.
What is a ratiometer? Compares electrical signals.
What is a thermocouple? Generates voltage when heated.
Why are thermocouples used for high temperatures? Handles extreme heat.
What is a DC remote indicating system? Uses DC to send signals.
What is an Autosyn system? AC synchro system.
What is a Magnesyn system? DC magnetic synchro system.
What is the main difference between Autosyn and Magnesyn? Autosyn = AC; Magnesyn = DC.
What does a synchroscope do? Shows if systems are in sync.
Why are remote indicating systems used? To send data from remote locations.
What type of current does Autosyn use? ac
What type of rotor does Magnesyn use? Permanent magnet.
What is a toroidal coil? Doughnut-shaped coil, allows magnetic field to be contained
Why is accuracy important in remote systems? Ensures safe readings.
What does a synchroscope indicate? If speeds match.
How does a synchroscope work? Compares AC phases.
Why is propeller synchronization important? Reduces vibration.
What does a tachometer measure? RPM.
Why is RPM monitoring critical? Prevents overspeed.
What types of tachometers exist? Mechanical, electric, digital.
How does engine speed relate to thrust? Higher RPM = more thrust.
What happens if engines are out of sync? Vibration and uneven thrust.
What is a tach generator? Produces voltage proportional to RPM.
Why is tachometer accuracy important? Ensures safe operation.
What is Mach number? Speed relative to sound.
Why is Mach number important? Affects aerodynamic limits.
What happens at Mach 1? Reaches speed of sound.
What is a critical Mach number? . First airflow reaches Mach 1
Why do aircraft have Mach warning systems? Prevent overspeed.
What does a combination indicator display? Multiple readings.
Why are bugs used on airspeed indicators? Mark important speeds.
What is the purpose of a red line on an airspeed indicator? Shows never-exceed speed.
How does altitude affect Mach indication? Mach increases with altitude.
Why do modern aircraft combine instruments? Reduce cockpit clutter.
Why must altimeters be tested regularly? Ensure accuracy.
Created by: user-2018651
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