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Lesson 6.1 Notes

Notes about 6.1 in anatomy and physiology class.

Question/TermAnswer/Definition
What are the 2 major nervous system divisions? Central and peripheral.
What does the central nervous system compose of? The brain and spinal cord.
How fragile is the central nervous system? Very. Any damage generally can't be repaired naturally and can majorly negatively effect the organism.
What does the peripheral nervous system compose of? Every other nerve beyond the central nervous system.
What are the 2 types of nerves in the peripheral nervous system? Afferent/sensory and efferent/motor nerves.
What do afferent nerves do? Alert the central nervous system of the current stimuli affecting the body from sensory receptors.
What do efferent nerves do? Transmit messages from the central nervous system to muscles and glands to produce effort and movement.
What are the 2 divisions of motor neurons? Somatic and autonomic.
What do somatic nerves do? They are voluntary nerves that stimulate skeletal muscles.
What do autonomic nerves do? They are involuntary nerves that stimulate smooth and cardiac muscles that handle functions without thinking.
What are parasympathetic functions? Normal functions that happen all the time without thinking like heartbeat.
What are sympathetic functions? High alert functions that respond to out of normal situations like pain.
What are the 2 categories of nervous tissue? Support and nerve.
What are neuroglia/glial cells? Supporting functions cells in the nervous system.
What are the 4 types of glial cells in the central nervous system? Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, and oligodendrocytes.
What are the 2 types of glial cells in the peripheral nervous system? Schwann cells and satellite cells.
Astrocytes Glial cells in the central nervous system that lie between neurons and capillaries that control nutrient distribution from vessels to nervous tissue and filters harmful substances and accounts for half of all nervous tissue.
Microglia Macrophages in the central nervous system that attack foreign invaders and clean up debris.
Ependymal Glial cells in the central nervous system which form a protective coating around the spinal cord and brain cavity.
Oligodendrocytes Glial cells in the central nervous system that wrap around nerve fibres and produce myelin which is fatty insulation material.
Schwann Cells Peripheral nervous system glial cells that form myelin sheaths around nerve fibres.
Satellite Cells Peripheral nervous system glial cells that cushion and protect neurons.
Neurons The main cells of nervous tissue that transmit impulses.
What is the structure of a neuron? Cell body, dendrites, and axons.
What does the cell body of a neuron consist of? The typical organelles of most cells.
What are dendrites? Branches of a neuron that collect stimuli and transmit it to the cell body.
What are axons? Branches of a neuron that transmit impulses away from a neuron's cell body.
What do myelin sheaths do? They cover axons increasing the rate of impulse transmission.
What's the difference between white and grey matter in the brain? White matter is myelin and grey matter is unmyelinated nerve fibres.
Nodes of Ranvier Uninsulated gaps between Schwann cells on an axon.
Neurotransmitters Vesicles in axon terminals with chemical messengers
Synapse The intersection of an axon terminal and the dendrite of another neuron or muscle.
Interneurons Also called associated neurons, neurons that transmit impulses between other neuron.
Created by: CommsMKSoz
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