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Rocks and Minerals

YGK These Rocks and Minerals

QuestionAnswer
Chemical formula of quartz SiO2 (silicon dioxide)
Purple variety of quartz Amethyst
Property of quartz used in clocks Pielectricity
Hardness of quartz on Mohs scale 7
Most abundant minerals in Earth’s crust Feldspars
Feldspar containing potassium Orthoclase
Feldspars containing sodium and calcium Plagioclase
Transition series of plagioclase minerals Bowen’s reaction series (continuous branch)
Hardness of orthoclase on Mohs scale 6
Stable mineral form of calcium carbonate Calcite
Sedimentary rock primarily composed of calcite Limestone
Optical property of calcite (double refraction) Birefringence
Hardness of calcite on Mohs scale 3
Crystal structure of diamond Diamond cubic
Igneous rocks where natural diamonds are found Kimberlites
Hardness of diamond on Mohs scale 10
Chemical composition of corundum Aluminum oxide
Red gem form of corundum Ruby
Hardness of corundum on Mohs scale 9
Mineral group known for perfect basal cleavage (thin sheets) Micas
Two common varieties of mica Biotite (black) and muscovite (transparent)
Most common igneous rock (over 90% of volcanic rocks) Basalt
Term for rocks rich in magnesium and iron Mafic
Term for igneous rocks that solidify on the Earth’s surface Extrusive
Basalt primarily composed of gas bubbles (vesicles) Scoria
Felsic, intrusive igneous rock made of feldspar and quartz Granite
Metamorphic form of limestone Marble
Topography formed by the erosion of soluble limestone Karst
Sedimentary rock made of clastic fragments like quartz and feldspar Sandstone
Sandstone containing over 25% feldspar Arkose
Created by: divyap
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