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Organic Reactions

YGK These Organic Reactions

QuestionAnswer
Loss of electrons Oxidation
Gain of electrons Reduction
Oxidation effect on C–H bonds Decrease
Reduction effect on C–H bonds Increase
Chromium-based oxidants PCC or Jones’ reagent
Hydride reducing agents Sodium borohydride (\(NaBH_{4}\)) or lithium aluminum hydride (\(LiAlH_{4}\))
Two molecules combine with no loss of atoms Addition reaction
Regioselectivity rule for addition reactions Markovnikov’s rule
Group replaced in a substitution reaction Leaving group
Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution SN2
Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution SN1
Substitution reaction step forming a carbocation SN1
Opposite of an addition reaction Elimination reaction
Requirement for \(E2\) reactions Anti-periplanar arrangement
Regioselectivity rule for elimination (forming most substituted alkene) Zaitsev’s rule
Two molecules combine with loss of a small molecule (usually water) Condensation reaction
Two carbonyls combine to form an alpha–beta unsaturated ketone Aldol condensation
Intermediate in base-catalyzed aldol condensation EnolateAddition of H2 to a molecule
Byproduct of incomplete hydrogenation of fats Trans fats
Molecule that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image Chiral
Cycloaddition of a diene and a dienophile Diels–Alder reaction
Typical product of a Diels–Alder reaction Six-carbon cyclohexene ring
Diels–Alder preference for orbital overlap maximization Endo product
Electron flow in Diels–Alder HOMO of diene to LUMO of dienophile
HOMO Highest occupied molecular orbital
LUMO Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
Created by: divyap
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