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Medicine Nobel Prize

YGK These Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine

QuestionAnswer
First British Nobel recipient; malaria transmission work Ronald Ross
Mosquito genus identified as the malaria vector Anopheles
Malarial parasite genus Plasmodium
Organ in mosquitoes where malaria is stored/released Salivary gland
Nobel for physiology of digestion (using dogs) Ivan Pavlov
Psychological concept discovered by Pavlov via salivating dogs Classical conditioning
Founder of modern bacteriology; developed four postulates Robert Koch
Disease Koch proved was bacterial, not inherited Tuberculosis
Koch's four requirements to link a microbe to a disease Koch’s postulates
Immunologist who postulated the "magic bullet" concept Paul Ehrlich
First "magic bullet" compound used to cure syphilis Arsphenamine (Salvarsan)
Ehrlich's precursor to the Gram staining technique Improved bacteria staining
Inventor of the string galvanometer for electrocardiography Willem Einthoven
Formation of three EKG leads centered on the heart Einthoven’s triangle
Letters assigned by Einthoven to EKG deflections P, Q, R, S, T
"Father of transfusions"; identified A, B, and O blood groups Karl Landsteiner
Dangerous blood clumping from incompatible types Agglutination
Landsteiner's 1937 discovery in rhesus monkeys Rh factor
Virus isolated by Landsteiner in 1908 Polio
Genetics researcher who used fruit flies (Drosophila) Thomas Hunt Morgan
Morgan’s Columbia University laboratory nickname Fly Room
Genetic mechanism where genes swap between chromosomes Crossing over
Unit used to measure physical distance between genes Centimorgan
Accidental discoverer of penicillin Alexander Fleming
Bacterial culture Fleming was studying when he found mold Staphylococcus
Class of antibiotics based on Fleming's discovery Beta-lactams
Discoverers of the double-helix structure of DNA James Watson and Francis Crick
Source of DNA X-ray diffraction data (Photo 51) Rosalind Franklin
Colleague who shared the 1962 Nobel with Watson and Crick Maurice Wilkins
Chemical rules used to determine DNA base pairing Chargaff’s rules
Discoverer of transposons ("jumping genes") Barbara McClintock
Organism studied by McClintock for genetic transposition Maize (corn)
Only non-shared female recipient of the Medicine Nobel Barbara McClintock
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