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Functional Groups
YGK These Functional Groups
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Simplest functional groups of carbon and hydrogen | Hydrocarbons |
| Only single bonds | Alkanes |
| Carbon-carbon double bond | Alkenes |
| Carbon-carbon triple bond | Alkynes |
| Reaction reducing alkynes to alkenes to alkanes | Hydrogenation |
| Fats with no double bonds | Saturated |
| Fats with an alkene double bond | Unsaturated |
| Alkene with non-hydrogen groups on same side | Cis |
| Alkene with non-hydrogen groups on opposite sides | Trans |
| Alkyne with triple bond at the end | Terminal |
| Alkyne with triple bond in the middle | Internal |
| Simplest alkene (fruit ripening) | Ethylene |
| Simplest alkyne (welding fuel) | Acetylene |
| –OH bonded to a carbon | Alcohol |
| Name of the –OH group | Hydroxyl |
| One-carbon alcohol (wood alcohol/blindness) | Methanol |
| Two-carbon alcohol in drinks | Ethanol |
| Three-carbon alcohol in rubbing alcohol | Isopropanol |
| Molecule with two alcohol groups | Diol |
| Antifreeze primary ingredient | Ethylene glycol |
| Building block for fats with three alcohol groups | Glycerol |
| Carbon-oxygen double bond | Carbonyl |
| Carbonyl at the end of a chain | Aldehyde |
| Carbonyl in the middle of a chain | Ketone |
| Aldehyde used in tissue preservation | Formaldehyde |
| Ketone used in nail polish remover | Acetone |
| Charge of carbonyl carbon | Partial positive |
| Carbonyl carbon reactivity type | Electrophile |
| Oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl groups | Ether |
| First-developed anesthetic | Diethyl ether |
| Synthesis of ether from alcohol and alkyl halide | Williamson ether synthesis |
| Solvent used to stabilize Grignard reagents | Ether |
| Carbon singly bonded to one oxygen and doubly bonded to another | Carboxylic acid |
| Two-carbon acid in vinegar | Acetic acid |
| One-carbon acid in ants | Formic acid |
| Three-carbon acid from strenuous exercise | Lactic acid |
| Negatively charged ion of a carboxylic acid | Carboxylate |
| Bond formed between carboxylic acid and amine | Peptide bond (amide) |
| Protein end with free carboxylic acid | C-terminus |
| Functional group with fruity smells | Ester |
| Ester linkage in fats | Triglyceride |
| Reaction combining carboxylic acid and alcohol | Fischer esterification |
| Halogen bonded to a hydrocarbon | Alkyl halide |
| "Forever chemicals" (Teflon, PFOA) | PFAs |
| Sulfur analogue of an alcohol (R–SH) | Thiol (mercaptan) |
| Thiol characteristic smell | Rotten eggs |
| Amino acid with a thiol side chain | Cysteine |
| Antioxidant thiol that protects cells | Glutathione |
| Six-membered ring in aromatic compounds | Benzene (phenyl) |
| Aromaticity criteria | Planar and Hückel’s rule |
| Hückel’s rule formula | 4n + 2 pi electrons |
| NMR peak for aromatic compounds | 7 ppm |
| Nitrogen singly bonded to carbons and hydrogens | Amine |
| Amine smell | Fishy |
| Specific amines in rotting fish | Putrescine and cadaverine |
| Product of amine plus carboxylic acid | Amide |
| Amine geometry | Square pyramidal |
| Quantum tunneling "flip" in amines | Nitrogen inversion |
Created by:
divyap
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