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Circuit Components
YGK These Circuit Components
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a resistor? | An element that impedes current flow and creates a voltage drop. |
| What unit is resistance measured in? | Ohms (Ω). |
| Who is the unit of resistance named after? | Georg Ohm. |
| What is Ohm’s law? | V = IR. |
| What does V represent in Ohm’s law? | Voltage drop across the resistor. |
| What does I represent in Ohm’s law? | Current through the resistor. |
| What does R represent in Ohm’s law? | Resistance. |
| What is Joule’s first law for resistors? | P = I²R. |
| What is the power formula combining Ohm’s law and Joule’s law? | P = IV. |
| How do resistors combine in series? | R = R₁ + R₂. |
| How do resistors combine in parallel? | 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂. |
| What is a rheostat? | A variable resistor made by changing the length of material in a circuit. |
| What is a potentiometer? | A rheostat with a middle terminal used as a voltage divider. |
| How are rheostats and potentiometers typically adjusted? | With knobs or sliders. |
| What is a Wheatstone bridge used for? | Measuring an unknown resistance. |
| What components make up a Wheatstone bridge? | Two known resistors, one rheostat, and one unknown resistor. |
| What condition indicates a balanced Wheatstone bridge? | No current flows through the ammeter. |
| Which laws are used to solve a Wheatstone bridge? | Kirchhoff’s laws. |
| What does Kirchhoff’s current law state? | Current into a node equals current out. |
| What does Kirchhoff’s voltage law state? | Total voltage change around a loop is 0 V. |
| What is a capacitor? | A device that stores charge and blocks charge flow. |
| What is the medium between capacitor plates called? | A dielectric. |
| What is the governing equation of a capacitor? | Q = CΔV. |
| What does Q represent in a capacitor? | Stored charge. |
| What unit is capacitance measured in? | Farads. |
| How do capacitors combine in parallel? | C = C₁ + C₂. |
| How do capacitors combine in series? | 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂. |
| Why does parallel wiring increase capacitance? | It increases effective plate area. |
| What is a solenoid? | A coil of wire that generates a magnetic field when current changes. |
| What is a solenoid called when used in a circuit? | An inductor. |
| What does an inductor oppose? | Changes in current. |
| What symbol represents inductance? | L. |
| What unit is inductance measured in? | Henries. |
| When is the voltage across an inductor nonzero? | When the current is changing. |
| How do inductors behave with AC? | They change the phase of the current. |
| How do inductors combine in series and parallel? | The same way as resistors. |
| What is a transformer? | Two solenoids sharing a magnetic core. |
| What causes current in the secondary coil of a transformer? | Changing magnetic flux from AC in the primary coil. |
| What determines whether a transformer steps voltage up or down? | The number of turns in each coil. |
| What is a common use of transformers? | Stepping voltage up or down. |
| What is a source in a circuit? | A device that provides voltage or current. |
| What does a DC source provide? | Constant current. |
| What does an AC source provide? | Current that changes with time. |
| What is impedance? | The complex analogue of resistance in AC circuits. |
| What is reactance? | The imaginary part of impedance. |
| What does resonant frequency represent? | The frequency of minimum energy loss. |
| What is ground in a circuit? | A connection to Earth used as a voltage reference. |
| What voltage is assigned to ground? | Zero volts. |
| Why is grounding important for safety? | It prevents current from passing through people. |
| What is the purpose of a fuse? | To stop excess current and protect a circuit. |
| How does a fuse typically fail? | By melting. |
| How is a circuit breaker different from a fuse? | It can be reset. |
| What is a switch? | A device that opens or closes a circuit. |
| What additional function can a switch have? | Selecting between multiple connections. |
| What is a diode? | A device that allows current in only one direction. |
| What is the bias voltage of a diode? | The minimum voltage needed for current flow. |
| What is breakdown voltage? | The voltage at which reverse current flows. |
| What is special about a Zener diode? | It has a well-defined breakdown voltage. |
| What is an LED? | A diode that emits light when forward-biased. |
| What is a rectifier? | A device that converts AC to positive voltage. |
| What does a half-wave rectifier do? | Eliminates negative voltage. |
| What does a full-wave rectifier do? | Converts negative voltage to positive. |
| How can a rectifier approximate DC output? | By adding a capacitor. |
| What is an op-amp? | A device that amplifies a voltage difference. |
| How many ports does an op-amp have? | Five. |
| What does gain describe in an op-amp? | The amplification factor. |
| What assumption is made for an ideal op-amp? | Infinite gain. |
| What must be true of the input voltages in an ideal op-amp? | They are equal. |
| What limitations do real op-amps have? | Finite gain, impedance, resistance, and bandwidth. |
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