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20th C. Physicists

YGK These 20th Century Physicists

QuestionAnswer
Who reconciled Rutherford’s gold foil experiment with Planck’s quantum theory? Niels Bohr
What atomic model places electrons in specific energy levels and stable radii? Bohr model
What does the Bohr model explain about electrons? They occupy discrete energy levels
Whose spectroscopy work did the Bohr model help explain? Johann Balmer
What formula states the frequency of light emitted when an electron drops energy levels? Rydberg formula
What pseudonym did Bohr use when fleeing WWII? Baker
What major wartime project did Bohr contribute to? Manhattan Project
Who proposed that all particles have a wavelength? Louis de Broglie
What concept describes particles behaving as both waves and particles? Wave-particle duality
What determines a particle’s wavelength according to de Broglie? Its momentum
Who endorsed de Broglie’s doctoral thesis? Albert Einstein
What prize did de Broglie win in 1929? Nobel Prize in Physics
Who later refined de Broglie’s causal interpretation? David Bohm
What year is known as Einstein’s annus mirabilis? 1905
What effect did Einstein explain using quantized light? Photoelectric effect
What phenomenon did Einstein explain to support statistical physics? Brownian motion
What theory introduced a constant speed of light? Special relativity
What famous equation relates energy and mass? E = mc²
What theory did Einstein publish in 1915? General relativity
Who helped develop Fermi-Dirac statistics? Enrico Fermi
What principle did Fermi apply to electrons? Pauli exclusion principle
What particles obey Fermi-Dirac statistics? Fermions
What field did Fermi’s work help advance? Modern electronics and solid-state physics
What particle did Fermi propose to explain beta decay? Neutrino
What wartime project was Fermi involved in? Manhattan Project
Who developed the path integral formulation of quantum theory? Richard Feynman
What idea is central to the path integral formulation? Sum over histories
What theory did Feynman help create? Quantum electrodynamics
What diagrams illustrate particle interactions? Feynman diagrams
What prize did Feynman win in 1965? Nobel Prize in Physics
Who helped explain the implications of the Big Bang? George Gamow
What elements’ abundance did Gamow predict? Hydrogen and helium
What theory is nicknamed Alpher-Bethe-Gamow? Big Bang nucleosynthesis
What radiation did Gamow predict from the Big Bang? Cosmic microwave background radiation
Who developed matrix mechanics? Werner Heisenberg
What principle states limits on measuring position and momentum? Uncertainty (indeterminacy) principle
What happens to momentum accuracy when position accuracy increases? Momentum accuracy decreases
What prize did Heisenberg win in 1932? Nobel Prize in Physics
Who solved the ultraviolet catastrophe? Max Planck
What law describes blackbody radiation? Planck’s Law of Radiation
What did Planck propose about energy emission? It occurs in discrete quanta
What constant relates energy and frequency? Planck’s constant (h)
Who conducted the gold foil experiment? Ernest Rutherford
What did the gold foil experiment reveal? A dense, positively charged nucleus
What particles did Rutherford help discover? Proton and neutron
What dating method did Rutherford’s work inspire? Carbon dating
What element is named after Rutherford? Rutherfordium
Who proposed Schrödinger’s Cat? Erwin Schrödinger
What equations describe quantum system behavior? Schrödinger equations
What interpretation did Schrödinger criticize? Copenhagen interpretation
What later formalisms were based on Schrödinger’s work? Matrix mechanics and path integrals
Who isolated radioactive materials? Marie and Pierre Curie
Who developed a relativistic quantum equation? Paul Dirac
Who predicted the existence of quarks? Murray Gell-Mann
Who measured the charge of the electron? Robert Millikan
Who led the Manhattan Project? J. Robert Oppenheimer
What principle forbids particles from sharing the same state? Pauli exclusion principle
Created by: divyap
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