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11/24
Hearing Sciences
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Harvey Fletcher (1929) do? | the effect of noise upon the ability to hear is very similar to the effect of partial deafness |
| What did Dennis Butler Fry (1942) say? | any kind of threshold testing with supertones... will not tell the whole story. He recommended a functional hearing test that would measure the ability to recognize speech in background noise |
| What did Dickson et al. (1946) discover? | the scores from a sample of subjects with normal audiograms may scatter just as widely as those from a group of subjects with varying degrees of hearing loss |
| What is an articulation test for Dickson et al (1946)? | a speech perception test |
| What were the recommendations for hearing evaluation for aviation candidates from Dickson et al (1946)? | first take the efficiency test (fail = no more testing). If pass, proceed to pureton testing. Second, take the puretone threshold test to determine if there is a clinical reason to reject candidate that passed the efficiency test |
| What is the efficiency test from Dickson et al (1946)? | a satisfactory means of deciding whether an aviation candidates was likely to be able to hear well enough in an aircraft |
| What did King (1954) study? | psychogenic deafness |
| What did King (1954)'s case studies show? | patients who complained of difficulty hearing speech in noise and who presented with normal hearing acuity as estimated by speech, tuning fork tests, and pure tone audiometry with low efficiency test results |
| What is psychogenic deafness? | their puretone tests are normal, but they have a perceived inability to hear speech in background noise |
| How did King (1954) characterized his patients? | a low mentality, poor education, and ebbing moral. |
| What were the evaluation suggestions from King (1954)"s study? | hypnosis or penthothal abreaction where the patient can be reduced to an uninhibited babbling state, reported to be beneficial in giving the psychiatrist insight into what precipitated the deafness |
| What are the terms for speech in noise complaints with normal puretone thresholds? | psychogenic deafness, normal fragile ears, auditory inferiority complex, auditory disability with normal hearing, selective dysacusis, obscure auditory dysfunction, auditory dysacusis, King-Kopetzky Syndrome, Idiopathic discriminatory dysfunction, APD |
| What did Helmer Myklebust (1954) discover? | the origins for the conceptualization of an auditory processing disorder |
| What assumption did Myklebust (1954) point out? | lack of response to sound is an invariable indication of reduced auditory acuity. It implies that overt responses will be made invariably. If there is no response, the individual could not hear it and has impaired acuity |
| What did Jerger (2008) observe about Myklebust in the late 1940's? | he noticed that many children were referred to a clinic for lack of appropriate speech development that had no obvious hearing loss. He thought that some of these children might have a mild form of auditory agnosia |
| What is auditory agnosia? | the inability to appreciate meaning of sound despite normal perception of puretone. nonverbal and verbal forms may exist independently or coexist, audiological assessment is required |
| What is a speech recognition in noise disorder for some children? | They cannot listen, so they cannot direct their attention selectively to an expected sound. The auditory environment does not consist of many individual sounds. Their auditory world has sounds of all foreground sounds |
| Where is a speech recognition in noise disorder commonly seen? | in military veterans and musicians even in the presence of normal pure-tone thresholds |
| What was the control group for Middelweerd et al (1990)? | no speech recognition in noise complaints, normal pure-tone thresholds |
| What was the disordered group in Middelweerd et al (1990)? | reported difficulty recognizing speech in noise, normal pure-tone thresholds |
| What was the testing Middelweerd et al (1990) used? | speech recognition in noise tests that were administered to all subjects using the protocol created by Plomp and Mimpen (1979), this is the predecessor for Vermiglio's study |
| What does SNR stand for? | signal to noise ration |
| What is dB SNR? | the level of the target speech minus the level of the noise |
| What were the standards for the Middelweerd et al (1990) study? | the level of noise was 65 dBA, level of speech varied adaptively in 2 dB steps, thresholds were reported in dB SNR |
| What were the thresholds in the Middelweerd et al (1990) study? | the SNR for which 50% of the sentences were correctly repeated by subject. (more negative, better performance) |
| What was the threshold of -10 dB SNR considered in the Middelweerd et al (1990)? | Excellent threshold, difficult listening condition |
| What was the threshold of 10 dB SNR considered in the Middelweerd et al (1990)? | poor threshold, favorable listening condition |
| What were the results of the Middelweerd et al (1990) study? | control group: -5.7 dB SNR, disordered group: -4.7 dB SNR, 1 dB difference, statistically significant, represents an 18-20% change in intelligibility |
| What did the Middelweerd et al (1990) study show? | the sensitivity of the speech in noise test for the detection of a speech recognition in noise disorder as reported by subjects with normal pure-tone thresholds |
| How is a Speech Recognition in Noise ability determined by the WHO? | estimation from pure-tone thresholds measures |
| What are ways a speech recognition in noise ability can be determined? | direct measure using a speech recognition in noise test protocol or diagnosis of a central auditory processing disorder |
| What does the WHO rating of hearing impairment use? | the pure-tone average for 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kHz of the better ear to infer speech perception in quiet and in noise |
| What do the WHO ratings of hearing impairment say about PTA? | as it is elevated, speech perception in noise ability gets worse |
Created by:
hrshook0104
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