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10/20
Hearing Sciences
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is an ear canal resonance test a hearing test? | no, but it affects hearing ability |
| Is a tuning curve a hearing test? | no, it is related to hearing and occurs post mortem |
| What are the different types of tuning curves? | observation of basilar membrane motion at a specific frequency location, a physiologic tuning curve, and a psychoacoustic tuning curve |
| What is a physiologic tuning curve? | observation of the firing of a specific afferent neuron (frequency specific) |
| What is a psychoacoustic tuning curve? | observation of the stimulus levels and frequencies required to mask a probe tone |
| What is characteristic frequency (CF)? | each location along the basilar membrane responds best to a specific frequency |
| How does the basilar membrane respond to a specific characteristic frequency? | it responds to a range of frequencies that surrounds its CF |
| What is the measure of frequency selectivity? | the combinations of frequencies and intensities that produce a threshold response for a particular location on the basilar membrane that provide an estimate of the shape of the filter associated with that location |
| What is another name for the measure of frequency selectivity? | tuning |
| What is the question that tuning curves can answer? | What is the lowest level of a tone required to move the basilar membrane at a position corresponding to around 17,000 Hz? |
| How do you find a threshold for a tuning curve? | you choose a frequency tone and play it and low levels (dB SPL). Slowly increase it until vibrations are observed |
| What does a point at the 1000 Hz, 70 dB SPL point mean on a tuning curve? | a 1000 Hz tone must be played at 70 dB SPL to stimulate the given section of the basilar membrane selected by researchers |
| What is the upwards spread of excitation? | when a lower frequency tone stimulates a higher frequency part of the basilar membrane as long as it is at a high enough level |
| How do we know the upwards spread of excitation is true? | because of tuning curves |
| What does a tone at 25,000 Hz, 90 dB SPL mean on a tuning curve? | a 25,000 Hz tone must be played at 90 dB SPL to stimulate the given section of the basilar membrane selected by researchers |
| What is the downward spread of excitation? | When a higher frequency sound can stimulate a lower part of the basilar membrane as long as it is at a high enough level |
| What did Thomas Gold do? | he was the first to propose an active cochlear process involving electro-motile elements to enhance the cochlea's response to sound vibration, and to predict and search for spontaneous otoacoustic emissions |
| When is the active process in the cochlea present? | in a living subject, not in cadavers |
| What is the active process in the cochlea? | the energy source that causes the basilar membrane to move (Outer Hair Cell movement) |
| What is can cause a sharp tuning curve? | healthy and active outer hair cells |
| What can cause a shallow tuning curve? | the dysfunction of outer hair cells |
| What can cause a lack of function in hair cells? | loud noise exposure, ototoxic medications, old age |
| What represents characteristic frequency on a tuning curve? | the big dip/point on the tuning curve |
| What tuning curve represents better frequency selectivity? | a sharp tuning curve |
| What function of the ear damages the high frequency region of the basilar membrane? | ear canal resonance |
| What is another name for hearing aids? | cochlear amplifiers |
Created by:
hrshook0104
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