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Chinese Dynasties
You Gotta Know These Chinese Dynasties
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The first Chinese dynasty attested from written records, known for its Bronze Age civilization found near Anyang | Shang dynasty |
| Pieces of ox bone or turtle shell used for divination during the Shang dynasty | Oracle bones |
| The dynasty of chariot warriors that overthrew the Shang | Zhou dynasty |
| The period where the Hundred Schools of Thought flourished and Sun Tzu wrote Art of War | Spring and Autumn Period (Eastern Zhou) |
| The period during which power coalesced into seven independent feudal states, ending the Zhou era | Warring States period |
| The state that eventually unified China after the Warring States period | Qin |
| The founder of the Qin dynasty and first emperor of imperial China | Qin Shi Huangdi (Qin Shi Huang) |
| The emperor who standardized weight measurements, unified Chinese script, and used conscripts to build the Great Wall | Qin Shi Huang |
| The dynasty considered a golden age of Chinese civilization, whose name is still used for the majority ethnic group | Han dynasty |
| The peasant founder of the Han dynasty, who established his capital at Chang’an (Xi’an) | Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu) |
| The nomadic group that caused instability in the early years of the Han dynasty | Xiongnu |
| The Han emperor considered one of China's greatest rulers, who formalized the bureaucracy and established Confucianism as the official state doctrine | Emperor Wudi (Emperor Wu) |
| The envoy sent by Emperor Wudi to Central Asia | Zhang Qian |
| The leader who toppled the Han dynasty and established the short-lived Xin dynasty | Wang Mang |
| The peasant protest movements that emerged after the Yellow River changed course during Wang Mang's rule | Red Eyebrows |
| The rebellions called the Yellow Turbans and the Five Pecks of Rice hastened the end of this dynasty | Han dynasty |
| The short and turbulent period whose cultural impact is enormous thanks to the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms | Three Kingdoms (AD 184–280) |
| The naval battle fought during the Three Kingdoms period where forces of the former Han dynasty clashed | Battle of Red Cliffs (AD 208) |
| The dynasty considered another golden age of Chinese culture where poets Li Bai and Du Fu lived and the printing press was invented | Tang dynasty |
| The first Tang ruler who was forced to abdicate by his second son, Li Shimin | Emperor Gaozu |
| The only woman to become emperor of China, who called her rule the “Second Zhou dynasty” | Empress Wu (Wu Zetian) |
| The rebellion during Emperor Xuanzong's reign that wrecked the foundations of the Tang dynasty by concentrating power in regional military overlords | An Lushan rebellion (An Shi rebellion) |
| The dynasty known for its devotion to cultural activities over warfare, where gunpowder and the compass were discovered | Song dynasty |
| The first Song ruler who induced his rival commanders to retire, setting up the dominance of the scholarly elite over the military elite | Emperor Taizu |
| The militaristic dynasty that replaced the Liao and captured the Song capital of Kaifeng | Jin dynasty |
| The short-lived dynasty established by the invading Mongols | Yuan dynasty |
| The most notable Yuan ruler whose invasions of Japan were thwarted by typhoons (kamikaze) | Kublai Khan |
| The rebellion of the 1350s that marked the beginning of the end for the Yuan dynasty | Red Turban rebellion |
| The last native dynasty of China, known for producing high-quality porcelain ("china") | Ming dynasty |
| The peasant leader of the Red Turbans who expelled the Mongols and founded the Ming dynasty | Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Hongwu) |
| The emperor during whose reign the eunuch Zheng He led treasure fleets on seven voyages to display Chinese greatness | Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) |
| The emperor who moved China's capital to Beijing | Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) |
| The rebellion caused by inadequate government response to inflation, famine, and floods that helped end the Ming dynasty | Li Zicheng's rebellion |
| The group of people from northeast China who suppressed Li Zicheng’s revolt and established the Qing dynasty | Manchus |
| The last dynasty to rule imperial China, established by the invading Manchus | Qing dynasty |
| The welfare system for Manchus that gave them benefits in the imperial examination | Banner system |
| The second Qing ruler who put down the Revolt of the Three Feudatories and commissioned a dictionary known for popularizing the system of Chinese radicals | Kangxi Emperor |
| The foreign conflicts against Britain that weakened China during the last century of Qing rule | Opium Wars |
| The devastating internal conflict of 1850-1864 that weakened the Qing dynasty | Taiping Rebellion |
| The movement to modernize Qing rule that occurred in the late 19th century | Self-Strengthening Movement |
| The 1898 attempt to modernize Qing rule that proved inconclusive | Hundred Days' Reform |
| The Qing ruler who opposed reformers and was implicated in the Boxer Rebellion | Dowager Empress Cixi |
| The anti-foreign uprising of 1900 that caused eight Western nations to send military forces to Beijing | Boxer Rebellion |
| China's last emperor, who came to the throne at age two in 1906 | Puyi |
| The revolution that ended the Qing Dynasty and created the Republic of China | 1911 Xinhai Revolution |
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