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British Reform
You Gotta Know These British Reform Movements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A group nicknamed derisively for agitating for Western Christian reform, following John Wycliffe's example | Lollards |
| The theologian whose criticism of the Church got him fired from Oxford in 1381 and was one of the first to translate the Bible into English | John Wycliffe |
| The Lollard uprising in 1414 that led to the group being driven underground and Wycliffe declared a heretic posthumously | Sir John Oldcastle's Rebellion |
| English Protestants who tried to "purify" the Church of England of Roman Catholic influences in the 16th and 17th centuries | Puritans |
| The distinction within Puritanism: those who wanted to break away from the Church of England versus those who wanted to reform it while remaining members | Separatist vs. Non-separatist Puritans |
| The group of Separatist Puritans who sailed on the Mayflower | Pilgrims |
| The leader of the non-separatist Puritan colonists who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony | John Winthrop |
| The leader under whom Puritans enjoyed brief power in England after the English Civil War, closing theaters and limiting sports | Oliver Cromwell |
| Political opponents of the monarchy during the English Civil War who wanted to extend suffrage and establish equality before the law | Levellers |
| More radical egalitarians who tried to farm on common land and called themselves the "True Levellers" | Diggers |
| The 1647 debates about a new English constitution where Leveller leaders debated leaders of the New Model Army | Putney Debates |
| The industrial reform movement whose members clashed with the British military and smashed newly invented textile machines | Luddites |
| The 1812 Act passed by Parliament that made industrial sabotage a capital crime in response to Luddite actions | Frame Breaking Act |
| The agricultural equivalent of the Luddite protests in Kent in 1830, involving demolishing threshing machines | Swing Riots |
| A working-class reform movement advocating the adoption of the "People's Charter of 1838" | Chartists |
| The only demand from the People's Charter of 1838 that Parliament never implemented | Annual parliamentary elections |
| The leading organization from 1838 to 1846 that agitated for the repeal of tariffs on imported grain | Anti-Corn Law League |
| The laws that imposed tariffs on imported grain to benefit English landowners, eventually repealed under Robert Peel | Corn Laws |
| The founders of the Anti-Corn Law League who argued that importing grain would lower food prices for workers | Richard Cobden and John Bright |
| The Prime Minister under whom the Corn Laws were repealed in 1846 | Robert Peel |
| The organization that staged mass meetings, including a rally in Hyde Park in 1866, to promote universal suffrage in the mid-late 19th century | Reform League |
| The 1867 Act that enfranchised urban working-class males in England and Wales | Second Reform Act |
| An influential intellectual community founded in 1884 to promote the gradual adoption of socialism, named for a Roman general | Fabian Society |
| Prominent members of the Fabian Society who were also well-known writers and thinkers | George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Virginia Woolf, Sidney and Beatrice Webb |
| The political party founded in 1900 by many members of the Fabian Society | Labour Party |
| The term used for the most militant advocates for women’s voting rights in the early 20th century | Suffragettes |
| The leader of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) and key figure in the militant suffrage movement | Emmeline Pankhurst |
| The WSPU member who was killed by the King’s horse during a protest at the Epsom Derby in 1913 | Emily Davison |
| The Spanish painting by Velázquez that Suffragette Mary Richardson slashed in 1914 | Rokeby Venus |
| The Act passed by the government of Herbert Asquith to deal with imprisoned Suffragette hunger strikers (releasing and re-arresting them) | Cat and Mouse Act |
| The year Parliament extended voting rights to women over the age of 30 who met property qualifications | 1918 |
| The labor organization that led a major strike against Margaret Thatcher’s government in 1984-1985 | National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) |
| The leader of the National Union of Mineworkers during the 1984-1985 strike who clashed with Margaret Thatcher | Arthur Scargill |
| The year the entire British coal industry had been nationalized by Clement Attlee’s Labour government | 1947 |
| The Czech religious reformer inspired by John Wycliffe and the Lollards, later burned at the stake | Jan Hus |
| The location of the 1854 gold miners' rebellion in Australia whose demands were inspired by the Chartist movement | Eureka Stockade |
| The leader of the U.S. National Women’s Party and author of the Equal Rights Amendment who joined WSPU protests while living in Birmingham | Alice Paul |
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