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Ancient Battles
You Gotta Know These Battles of the Ancient World
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| One of the earliest battles in recorded history fought near the Orontes River in Syria | Battle of Kadesh (1274 BC) |
| Egyptian Pharaoh at the Battle of Kadesh | Ramses II |
| Hittite king at the Battle of Kadesh | Muwatalli II |
| Outcome of the Battle of Kadesh | Stalemate (proclaimed victory by Ramses) |
| Largest chariot battle in history | Battle of Kadesh |
| Greek city-state that achieved a decisive victory over the Persians at Marathon | Athens |
| Date of the Battle of Marathon | 490 BC |
| Athenian general who led the victory at Marathon | Miltiades |
| Persian commanders defeated at Marathon | Datis and Artaphernes |
| Greek messenger who legend says ran to Athens with news of the victory but collapsed | Phidippides |
| First battle of the second Persian invasion of Greece, a heroic Spartan defense of a pass | Thermopylae (480 BC) |
| Persian King during the Battle of Thermopylae | Xerxes I |
| Spartan King who led the defense at Thermopylae | King Leonidas |
| Greek who betrayed the Spartans by revealing a path behind them | Ephialtes |
| Athenian general whose plan involved Thermopylae and Artemisium | Themistocles |
| Naval battle that was a major turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars | Salamis (480 BC) |
| Island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens the battle is named after | Salamis |
| Persian King who watched the Battle of Salamis from a throne on Mount Aegaleus | Xerxes |
| Athenian general who devised the plan to lure large Persian ships into narrow straits at Salamis | Themistocles |
| Battle on the Hellespont (Dardanelles) that ended the Peloponnesian War and the Athenian Empire | Battle of Aegospotami (405 BC) |
| Spartan commander reinstated after a setback at Arginusae who achieved victory at Aegospotami | Lysander |
| Athenian general who survived Aegospotami | Conon |
| Ship that brought the news of defeat from Aegospotami to Athens | Paralus |
| Second major battle between Alexander the Great and the Persian Empire, the first to feature Darius III | Issus (333 BC) |
| River near Iskenderun, Turkey where the Battle of Issus was fought | Pinarus River |
| Persian King who fled the field at the Battle of Issus | Darius III |
| Artist who painted the Battle of Issus in 1528 | Albrecht Altdorfer |
| Largest battle of the Second Punic War, representing one of the worst Roman defeats | Cannae (216 BC) |
| Carthaginian general who led at Cannae | Hannibal |
| Roman consuls at the Battle of Cannae | Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro |
| Tactic employed by Hannibal at Cannae | Double-envelopment tactic |
| Roman strategy revived after Cannae | Fabian strategy (war of attrition) |
| Final battle of the Second Punic War, fought near Carthage | Zama (202 BC) |
| Roman general who forced Hannibal to leave Italy and return to North Africa before Zama | Scipio Africanus |
| Numidian king who switched sides to join the Romans before the Battle of Zama | Masinissa |
| Battle where Julius Caesar defeated the Celtic peoples of Gaul, establishing Roman rule | Alesia (52 BC) |
| Celtic leader besieged by Caesar at Alesia | Vercingetorix |
| Wall built by Romans to surround the city of Alesia | Circumvallation |
| Wall built by Romans to protect themselves from the Gaulish relief army | Contravallation |
| Turning point of the Gallic Wars | Battle of Alesia |
| Naval battle where Octavian's fleet defeated the combined forces of Cleopatra and Mark Antony | Actium (31 BC) |
| Location of the Battle of Actium | Near Preveza in the Ambracian Gulf of Greece |
| Commander of Octavian's fleet at Actium | Marcus Agrippa |
| Octavian's small, nimble ships | Liburnian ships |
| Antony's massive, less mobile ships | Quinqueremes |
| Title Octavian gave himself after his victory at Actium | Princeps (later Augustus) |
| Battle that was part of the civil war between Maxentius and Constantine | Battle of the Milvian Bridge (AD 312) |
| Symbol Constantine supposedly had a vision of and painted on his shields | Chi-Rho (Christian symbol) |
| Emperor who drowned in the Tiber River during the Battle of Milvian Bridge | Maxentius |
| Battle near Edirne, Turkey, signalling the beginning of the spread of Germanic peoples into the Western Roman Empire | Adrianople (AD 378) |
| Eastern Roman emperor who led the Romans and was killed at Adrianople | Valens |
| Gothic leader at the Battle of Adrianople | Fritigern |
| Chronicler who ended his history of the Roman Empire with the Battle of Adrianople | Ammianus Marcellinus |
| Battle between the Romans and the Huns fought in what is now France | Battle of Chalons (or Catalaunian Fields) (AD 451) |
| Roman commander at Chalons | Flavius Aetius |
| Visigoth king who was killed at Chalons by an Ostrogoth | Theodoric I |
| Leader of the Hunnic army at Chalons | Attila |
| Victory for the Roman-Visigothic alliance (stopped Huns' advance into Gaul) | Battle of Chalons |
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divyap
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