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American 3rd Parties
You Gotta Know These American Third Parties
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Year Anti-Masonic Party established | 1828 |
| America's first third party | Anti-Masonic Party |
| Freemason whose disappearance led to anti-Masonic sentiment | William Morgan |
| Year of William Morgan's disappearance | 1826 |
| Anti-Masonic candidate for the 1832 election | William Wirt |
| First event of its kind in US history, hosted by Anti-Masons in 1832 | Presidential nominating convention |
| Winner of the 1832 election | Andrew Jackson |
| Andrew Jackson's party in 1832 | Democrat |
| Henry Clay's party in 1832 | National Republican |
| State that gave William Wirt (Anti-Masonic Party) its 7 electoral votes in 1832 | Vermont |
| Year Free Soil Party established | 1848 |
| Free Soil Party created from these two anti-slavery factions | Barnburner Democrats and Conscience Whigs |
| Earlier anti-slavery party established in 1840 | Liberty Party |
| Founder of the Liberty Party | James G. Birney |
| Free Soil platform stance on slavery | To cease its expansion (not abolish it) |
| Legislation backed by Free Soilers | Wilmot Proviso |
| Slavery decision mechanism opposed by Free Soilers | Popular sovereignty |
| Number of senators the Free Soil Party had in 1848 | Two |
| Number of Representatives the Free Soil Party had in 1848 | 14 |
| Free Soil presidential candidate in 1848 | Martin van Buren |
| Whig candidate who won the 1848 election, possibly due to van Buren's influence | Zachary Taylor |
| Democrat candidate defeated by Taylor in 1848 | Lewis Cass |
| Year American Party established | 1843 |
| Common name for the American Party | Know-Nothing Party |
| Core ideologies of the Know-Nothing Party | Anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant nativism |
| Secret society formed in the 1840s that led to the American Party | Order of the Star Spangled Banner |
| Year the Know-Nothing Party unified as an electoral force | 1854 |
| Number of House seats won by Know-Nothings in 1854 | 52 |
| American Party presidential candidate in 1856 | Millard Fillmore |
| Republican Party presidential candidate in 1856 | John C. Frémont |
| State that gave Fillmore his 8 electoral votes in 1856 | Maryland |
| Winner of the 1856 presidential election | James Buchanan |
| James Buchanan's party in 1856 | Democrat |
| Year People's Party established | 1891 |
| Common name for the People's Party | Populist Party |
| Earlier farmer-labor party established in 1874 | Greenback Party |
| Industries the Populist movement opposed | Banking and railroad industries |
| First Populist presidential candidate | James B. Weaver |
| Number of electoral votes Weaver captured in 1892 | 22 |
| Winner of the 1892 presidential election | Grover Cleveland |
| Cleveland's party in 1892 | Democrat |
| Populist presidential candidate in 1896 | William Jennings Bryan |
| William Jennings Bryan's stance that led to Populist nomination | Silver bi-metal currency |
| Populist vice-presidential candidate in 1896 | Thomas E. Watson |
| Winner of the 1896 election, signaling decline of the Populists | William McKinley |
| Year Socialist Party established | 1901 |
| Face of the American socialist movement at its peak | Eugene V. Debs |
| Number of times Debs ran for president | Five (from 1900 to 1920) |
| Debs's unique situation while running for president in 1920 | Ran his campaign while imprisoned |
| Debs's successor who ran for president six consecutive times starting in 1928 | Norman Thomas |
| Year Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party established | 1912 |
| Common name for Roosevelt's party | Bull Moose Party |
| Roosevelt's platform name in 1912 | New Nationalism |
| Democrat Woodrow Wilson's platform name in 1912 | New Freedom |
| Outcome of Roosevelt's 1912 campaign | Most successful American third-party campaign ever |
| Winner of the 1912 election | Woodrow Wilson |
| Year Robert M. La Follette, Sr.'s Progressive Party established | 1924 |
| Number of electoral votes La Follette received in 1924 | Thirteen |
| La Follette's home state that provided his electoral votes | Wisconsin |
| Democrat nominee in 1924 election | John W. Davis |
| Winner of the 1924 election | Calvin Coolidge |
| Year Henry Wallace's Progressive Party established | 1948 |
| Incumbent president Wallace disagreed with | Harry S. Truman |
| Wallace's position under Truman before being fired | Secretary of Commerce |
| Foreign policy stance of Henry Wallace's Progressive party | Wanted cooperation with the Soviet Union |
| Winner of the contentious 1948 election | Harry S. Truman |
| Republican candidate Truman barely beat in 1948 | Thomas Dewey |
| Year States’ Rights Democratic Party established | 1948 |
| Common name for the States Rights' Democratic Party | Dixiecrat Party |
| Dixiecrat reason for opposing Truman's re-election | His actions advancing civil rights |
| Dixiecrat candidate in 1948 | Strom Thurmond |
| Number of electoral votes won by Dixiecrats | 39 |
| Number of southern states won by Dixiecrats | Four |
| Year Communist Party of the United States of America established | 1919 |
| 1940 Act that criminalized advocating violent overthrow of the government | Smith Act |
| 1954 Act targeting the CPUSA | Communist Control Act of 1954 |
| Congressional committees that investigated Communists | House Un-American Activities Committee |
| Senators involved in inquiries against Communists | Richard Nixon and Joseph McCarthy |
| 1951 Supreme Court case ruling no First-Amendment right to advocate government overthrow | Dennis v. U.S. |
| CPUSA candidate who ran for President four times | Gus Hall |
| 1995 Soviet documents cache that revealed CPUSA was controlled by Moscow | VENONA |
| Year American Independent Party established | 1967 |
| AIP was a successor to this earlier party | Dixiecrats |
| Goal of the AIP | To combat desegregation |
| AIP presidential candidate | George Wallace |
| Wallace's role/title | Segregationist governor of Alabama |
| AIP organizers | Bill and Eileen Shearer |
| Number of electoral votes Wallace won in 1968 | 46 |
| Number of states Wallace won | Five |
| Party many Wallace supporters and AIP organizers later joined | U.S. Taxpayers Party |
| Current name of the U.S. Taxpayers Party | Constitution Party |
| Year Reform Party established | 1995 |
| Independent candidate whose 1992 campaign led to the Reform Party's creation | Ross Perot |
| Most successful alternative candidate since Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 by vote count | Ross Perot |
| Key agreements among Reform Party members | Balanced budget and changes to the electoral process |
| Issues the Reform Party generally opposed | Free trade agreements and immigration |
| Reason for constant infighting within the Reform Party | Lack of a unified platform on other issues |
| Reform Party candidate who won the 1998 election for governor of Minnesota | Jesse Ventura |
| Conservative who led a faction takeover of the party in the 2000 election cycle | Pat Buchanan |
| Ballot type in the 2000 Florida election that showed disputed Buchanan votes | Butterfly ballot |
| Year Green Party established | 1991 |
| Green Party presidential candidate in 2000 | Ralph Nader |
| Green Party vice-presidential candidate in 2000 | Winona LaDuke |
| Winner of the 2000 election by electoral votes | George W. Bush |
| Winner of the 2000 election by POPULAR vote | Al Gore |
| Goals cited by the Green Party | Ecological sustainability, social justice, and fair democracy |
| New York state-based party that acts as an ideological check on Democrats | Liberal Party |
| New York state-based party that acts as an ideological check on Republicans | Conservative Party |
| Purpose of the NY state-based parties | Cross-endorsing acceptable candidates or running alternative ones |
| Conservative Senator from New York who served from 1971 to 1977 | James Buckley |
| Year Buckley defeated both a Republican and Democrat candidate for Senate | 1970 |
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