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Physiology Wk 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What triggers an action potential in a neuron? | Depolarization reaching threshold, causing voltage-gated Na⁺ channels to open. |
| What is saltatory conduction? | Rapid impulse conduction where signals jump between nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons. |
| What is the major difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS? | Sympathetic = “fight or flight”; Parasympathetic = “rest and digest.” |
| How do endocrine glands communicate with the body? | By releasing hormones into the bloodstream to act on distant target cells. |
| What is cardiac output (CO)? | The amount of blood pumped per minute (CO = heart rate × stroke volume). |
| What is the primary function of red blood cells? | Transporting oxygen via hemoglobin. |
| What is the main role of the lymphatic system? | Returning excess interstitial fluid to blood circulation and supporting immunity. |
| Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? | At the alveoli across the respiratory membrane. |
| What drives oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli into the blood? | Partial pressure gradients between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. |
| Where does most nutrient absorption occur during digestion? | In the small intestine, especially the jejunum. |
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