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WK 7-13
Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles? | Protection |
| Most body movements are _____ contractions. | isotonic |
| Which of the following terms describes an isometric contraction? | Static tension |
| Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is incorrect? | Cardiac muscle requires nervous stimulation to contract. |
| Which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contains the cross-bridges? | Myosin |
| Three phases of the twitch contraction are the | latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase. |
| Compared with the outside of the neuron, the inside has a(n) ____ charge. | negative |
| Serotonin is an example of a(n): | amine neurotransmitter. |
| A slight shift away from the resting membrane potentials in a specific region of the plasma membrane is called a _____ potential. | local |
| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane. |
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct impulses up to approximately _____ meters per second. | 130 |
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct an impulse that is how much faster than the slowest fibers in the body? | almost 100 times faster |
| Which of the following antidepressants acts by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase (MAO)? | Phenelzine |
| Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on any of the following areas except: | sweat glands. |
| Normal infants will show the Babinski reflex up to the age of _____ years. | 1.5-2 |
| Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system? | If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it. |
| Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum. | thalamus |
| Danielle has sustained an injury that has reduced her ability to complete simple tasks such as lifting a pencil, manipulating eating utensils, and brushing her hair. The injury has affected the _____ motor pathways _____ the central nervous system (CNS). | voluntary; outside |
| All of the following are nonsteroid hormones except: | cortisol |
| The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is: | progesterone |
| The clear and potassium-rich fluid that fills the labyrinth is | endolymph |
| The sequence of auditory ossicles in the middle ear starting at the tympanic membrane and ending at the oval window is: | malleus, incus, and stapes. |
| The last step in the nonsteroid hormone mechanism of action is: | protein kinases activate other enzymes. |
| The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: | transcription of RNA. |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| Cardiac output is determined by | stroke volume and heart rate. |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptor |
| The function of which antibody is basically unknown? | IgD |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells. |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? | lymphotoxin |
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: | alveoli |
| The term used to describe the volume of air exchanged during normal inspiration and expiration is: | Tidal volume |
| During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes: | decrease in alveolar pressure. |
| Dalton law states that the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is _____ to the total pressure of the mixture. | directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and |
| The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the: | inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. |
| Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas varies _____ with pressure at a _____ temperature. | inversely; constant |
| Which gas law deals with the solubility of gases in solution? | Henry |
| The function of surfactant is to: | prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration. |
| The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg. | 160 |
| Which of these is not an example of mechanical digestion? | Moistening the food |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
| Hydrolysis refers to: | using water to split larger compounds into smaller ones. |
| Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus? | Oropharynx |
| The process of swallowing is known as: | deglutition |
| The hormone that inhibits gastric muscle, slowing passage of food into the duodenum, is called: | gastric inhibitory peptide. |
| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: | amylase |
| Which of the following is not true of enzymes? | They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the liver? | Secretion of insulin |
| The hormone that stimulates the release of bicarbonate substance from the pancreas is: | secretin |
| When classified according to the kind of chemical reactions catalyzed, digestive enzymes are referred to as _____ enzymes. | hydrolyzing |
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