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Poonam Singh
Finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogenesis can be defined as: | the course of disease development. |
| Homeostasis can best be described as: | a state of relative constancy. |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. |
| The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore, homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as | organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms. |
| To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n) | feedback control loop. |
| Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? | Transmitter |
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: | viruses. |
| Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch? | Glycogen |
| A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid. | False |
| What determines how a protein performs? | shape |
| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: | phospholipid & steroid. |
| Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? | They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. |
| Water will move through the cell membrane by: | osmosis. |
| During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? | Prophase |
| The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm. | True |
| Meiotic division occurs in | primitive sex cells. |
| If oxygen is available, the pyruvate molecules formed by glycolysis are prepared to enter the next phase of aerobic cellular respiration, called the | citric acid cycle. |
| In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cells along the spindle fibers? | anaphase |
| Osmosis can be defined as | the net movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. |
| Basement membrane is composed of molecules made by _____ tissue. | connective and epithelial |
| Hematopoietic tissue can be found in the: | bones. |
| The hair follicle is found in the: | dermis |
| Which of the following is a location in which you would find fibrous cartilage | Public symphysis and Interverbal discs |
| Adipocytes, found in the yellow bone marrow, stores and releases ____________________________ for energy. | fat and triglycerides |
| After the age of 50, the density of bone: | decreases slowly because of a shift in the remodeling activity. |
| As the activity of osteoblasts increases, the: | amount of calcium in bone increases and level of calcium in the blood decreases. |
| A contraction in which muscle length remains the same but muscle tension increases is called an | isometric contraction. |
| The more muscle fibers contracting at the same time, the stronger the contraction of the entire muscle. The number of muscle fibers contracting depends on how many motor units are | recruited. |
| The chief function of the T-tubules is to: | allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell. |
| Most body movements are _____ contractions. | isotonic |
| The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a membrane is called the membrane potential. | True |
| In a myelinated neuron, the impulse can travel under the myelin between nodes of Ranvier. | True |
| Which membrane receptor acts to directly change ion permeability when stimulated? | Gated-channel receptor |
| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | enkephalins. |
| The active transport mechanism in the plasma membrane that transports sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions and at different rates is the | sodium-potassium pump. |
| Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they | continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors. |
| The groove between the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex is the | central sulcus. |
| The somatic motor system includes all the _____ motor pathways _____ the CNS. | voluntary; outside |
| Which region of the brain plays a part in the mechanism responsible for emotions by associating sensory impulses with feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness? | thalamus |
| Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on any of the following areas except: | sweat glands. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? | Regulation of motor activity |
| What is the difference between a somatic reflex and an autonomic reflex? | A somatic reflex is caused by contraction of skeletal muscles, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle or secretions of glands. |
| Which is(are) the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway? | Acetylcholine |
| The sequence of auditory ossicles in the middle ear starting at the tympanic membrane and ending at the oval window is: | malleus, incus, and stapes. |
| In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are: | slow to appear but long-lasting. |
| Which of the following is a function of glucagon? | Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | protein molecules present |
| The chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies are particularly sensitive to: | hypercapnia. |
| The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? | aldosterone, ANH, and ADH |
| Which of the following vessels do not have the ability to constrict and dilate? | capillaries |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: | hemodynamics. |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
| Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? | lymphotoxin |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| Memory cells: | become plasma cells when exposed to an antigen. |
| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| The sensors that provide feedback information to the medullary rhythmicity area are the | central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors. |
| Pressure gradients are established by changes in the | thoracic cavity. |
| More than two-thirds of the carbon dioxide carried by blood is carried in the form of | bicarbonate ions. |
| During inspiration, as the size of the thorax increases, the | intrapleural and alveolar pressures decrease. |
| The forced expiratory volume test can determine the presence of respiratory obstruction by measuring the | volume of air expired per second during forced expiration. |
| The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the: | inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. |
| The ejection of bile from the gallbladder is controlled by which hormones? | CCK and secretin |
| The chemical process in which a compound unites with water and then splits into simpler compounds is called | hydrolysis. |
| The wave-like ripple of the muscle layer of the GI tract is called | peristalsis. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the liver? | Secretion of insulin |
| The process of swallowing is known as: | deglutition. |
| Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus? | Oropharynx |
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PoonamSingh
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