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A&P Chap 1-4
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The heart is an example of a(n): | organ |
| An Efferent pathway leads ____ to a control center | Away |
| The liver is part of which organ system? | Digestive |
| The pancreas is part of which organ system? (Hint: TWO answers) | Digestive and Endocrine |
| In _____ the variable deviates further from the initial value. | Positive Feedback |
| Sharing of electrons by two atoms constitutes what bond? | Covalent Bond |
| Which of the following is an organic molecule? C6H12O6 H2O2 NaCl H2O | C6H1206 |
| A term functionally synonymous with hydrophilic is | lipophobic |
| A ___ is amphipathic | Phospholipid |
| ____ are the basis of steroid hormones. | Cholesterol |
| Enzymes tend to be ___________ proteins. | Globular |
| The identity and order of amino acids in a polypeptide is called _______ structure. | Primary |
| What kind of chemical bond holds the two strands of the DNA molecule together? | Hydrogren |
| Which nucleotide base is found only in RNA? | Uracil |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contains a sugar in its structure. (True or False). | True |
| ________ adds rigidity to the cell's plasma membrane. | Cholesterol |
| ________________ are part fatty acid and part sugar. | Glycolipids |
| In the cell's plasma membrane, cholesterol is found: | Mostly in the interior of the phospholipid bilayer |
| Molecules that cross the plasma membrane by passing through a protein pore (or hole) provide an example of: | Channel-mediated diffusion |
| Placing a cell into a(n) __________ solution is best for keeping cells alive and healthy. | Isotonic |
| Using a Na+-gradient (which is produced by an ATP-powered Na+ pump) to drive movement of other solutes (e.g., glucose) constitutes: | Secondary Active Transport |
| Which of these organelles is non-membranous: mitochondria ribosome lysosome peroxisome | Ribosomes |
| This organelle makes ATP: (The powerhouse of the cell, ATP is the battery) | Mitochondria |
| True or False: The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER. | True |
| True or False: The ribosome structure contains RNA. | True |
| Cholesterol and steroid synthesis occurs in the: | Smooth ER |
| This structure propels fluids/mucus: | Cilium |
| True or False: The instructions for protein synthesis are contained in DNA. | True |
| Transcription occurs in; | The Nucleus |
| Synthesis of an mRNA molecule complementary to a DNA template is called: | Transcription |
| ___________ has an amino acid at one end and three nucleic acids at the other. | tRNA |
| In the Genetic Code, three nucleotides corresponds to ______ amino acid(s). | One |
| Which of the following is an enzyme: Endoplasmic reticulum Glucose DNA polymerase Adenosine triphosphate | DNA polymerase |
| Which is NOT one of the four main (primary) tissue types: Epithelial Heart Nervous Connective | Heart |
| Epithelia use ______ to form water-tight connections among cells. | Tight Junctions |
| True or False: Epithelial tissues are highly vascularized. | False |
| Which is comprised of large amounts of sugars and a small amount of protein: glycolipid proteoglycan glycogen glycoprotein | proteoglycan |
| The ____________ membrane lines cavities that are open to the outside world. | Mucus |
| True or False: In a merocrine gland, the entire cells ruptures and cell fragments and debris are also secreted. | False |
| Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue type: Cartilage Blood Epithelium Bone | Epithelium |
| True or False: Connective tissues share a developmental origin (all are derived from the mesenchyme of the embryo). | True |
| The three parts of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) are cells, _____________, and fibers. | Ground Substance |
| __________ fibers have a highly branching structure that can assist in absorbing shock (like a cushion). | Reticular |
| The immature cell type in connective tissue proper is: | fibroblast |
| The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generates: | Blood |
| Which level of organization is immediately below (lower than) “organ”: | Tissue |
| When a variable is kept constant (e.g., maintaining constant body pH), this is __________ | Negative Feedback |
| O2 is a(n): | Molecule |
| Which of theses forces is strongest: a. Ionic bonds b. Hydrogen bonds c. Covalent bonds d. None of the above | Covalent Bonds |
| Amino acids are joined together by | Dehydration |
| Triglycerides are: a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophilic c. Amphipathic d. None of the above | Hydrophobic |
| Hydrogen bonds are formed by | Polar molecules |
| If a fat is “saturated”, it cannot hold any more | Hydrogen |
| The sequence of amino acids in a protein is ________ structure. | Primary (1 degree) |
| ________ are biological catalysts that lower activation energy for a reaction. | Enzymes |
| Which of the following is NOT part of a nucleotide | Fatty Acid |
| The two strands of DNA are held together by ________ bonds | Hydrogen |
| Phosphorylation is an example of a(n) ________reaction. | Exchange |
| ________ provide(s) the energy that directly powers most processes in the cell. | ATP |
| The plasma membrane is made mostly of | Phospholipids |
| Phospholipids are: a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophilic c. Amphipathic d. None of the above | C. Amphipathic |
| Which of the following is a passive process: a. Primary active transport b. Secondary active transport c. Facilitated diffusion d. Both B & C | C. Facilitated Diffusion |
| Movement of a solvent (e.g., water) toward a higher concentration of solute is called | Osmosis |
| Placing cells in a _________ solution will cause them to shrivel/crenate. | hypertonic |
| The Na+/K+ pump is an ATPase (which burns ATP), and therefore performs: | Primary active transport |
| The ____________ is the site of cholesterol synthesis and Ca2+ storage. | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Integral membrane proteins are synthesized in the | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| ______ are cellular extensions that function to increase cell surface area. | Microvilli |
| Making a DNA copy of DNA is called: | Replication |
| Making a Protein from an mRNA is called: | Translation |
| Translation is performed by | Ribosomes |
| Transcription is performed by | RNA Polymerase |
| Importation of glucose by coupling transport to the Na+ gradient is called | Secondary Active Transport |
| Protein synthesis is performed by | Ribosomes |
| Which of the following is composed of sugars and fatty acids: a. Cholesterol b. Phospholipids c. Ribosome d. Glycolipid | D Glycolipids |
| Which of the following contains RNA: a. Cholesterol b. Phospholipids c. Ribosome d. Glycolipid | C Ribosome |
| The interior of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane (intermembrane space) is: a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophilic | A. Hydrophobic |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 classes of Primary Tissues: a. Bone b. Epithelium c. Muscle d. Nervous | A. Bone |
| The part of a cell with microvilli is: a. Apical b. Basal c. Basolateral d. None of the above | A. Apical |
| An epithelium comprised of multiple layers of flattened cells is called | stratified squamous |
| Which contains more sugar (relative to protein): a. Proteoglycan b. Glycoprotein | A. Proteoglycan |
| __________ are specialized contacts that help to form a water-tight seal between cells. | Tight junctions |
| _______ tissues are important for movement, and includes the cardiac (heart) class of tissue. | Muscle |
| True or False: Epithelial tissues contain blood vessels | False |
| True or False: Epithelial tissues (contain nerves) are innervated. | True |
| Epithelia can regenerate via | Mitosis |
| The kidneys are part of the ________ system | Urinary |
| The thyroid gland is part of the _______ system | Endocrin |
| Which level of organization is the largest (or highest)? Organ Tissue Cell Organ system Molecule | Organ System |
| Which of these steps occurs earliest in the sequence? efferent pathway stimulus afferent pathway receptor response | Stimulus |
| The pancreas is part of which organ system? **Two answers** | Endocrine and Digestive |
| Changing the number of electrons results in: | Ion |
| Na+ + Cl- --> NaCl: This is an example of: | Ionic Bond |
| Glucose is a: | monosaccharide |
| A fully-assembled protein composed of 2 or more polypeptides constitutes: | quaternary structure |
| Which has more hydrogen bonds: A-T G-C A-G C-T | G-C |
| Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in DNA: Cytosine Adenine Guanine Thymine | Thymine |
| Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has ______ phosphate groups. | Two |
| The glycocalyx of the cell's plasma membrane is found: | on the exterior surface |
| True or False: Diffusion is always passive. | True |
| Movement of water across the cell membrane via aquaporins constitutes: | Osmosis |
| Which of these organelles is non-membranous: mitochondria peroxisome lysosome ribosome | Ribosome |
| Integral membrane proteins are translated at the: | Rough ER |
| True or False: The instructions for protein synthesis are contained in DNA. | True |
| Removal of introns from a pre-mRNA transcript is called: | Splicing |
| An exact complementary copy of DNA is synthesized by: | DNA Polymerase |
| Synthesizing an amino acid polymer from an mRNA polymer is called: | Translation |
| Desmosomes help the cell by: | Resisting stretch forces |
| True or False: In a holocrine gland, the entire cells ruptures and cell fragments and debris are also secreted. | True |
| Ground substance + fibers = ____________ | Extracellular Matrix |
| _________ fibers have a highly branching structure that can assist in absorbing shock (like a cushion). | Reticular |
| True or False: Epithelial cells may have cilia on their apical surface. | True |
| Which of the following is an enzyme: Adenosine triphosphate DNA polymerase Endoplasmic reticulum Glucose | DNA Polymerase |
| Carbon is an example of an | atom |
| Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule? NaCl (table salt - sodium chloride) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells) phospholipid glycogen | NaCl |
| ___________ has an amino acid at one end and three nucleic acids at the other. | tRNA |
| Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule? an amino acid H2O glucose cholesterol | H2O |
| Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue type: Fat Cartilage Bone Blood | Fat |
| Which level of organization is the smallest (or lowest)? molecule organelle tissue atom cell | Atom |
| _________ fats do not contain double bonds. | Saturated |
| ________________ are proteins that are not embedded within the cell plasma membrane | Peripheral Membrane Proteins |
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