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URINALYSIS
MLT 110: URINALYSIS OVERVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of urinalysis? | Analyze urine to better understand kidney function, identify infection, and monitors overall health/progression of disease |
| What form of urine output would be less than 500mL per 24hrs? | Oliguria |
| If a urine sample contains a strong aroma of ammonia, this would indicate towards a(n) | UTI |
| Why would a urine sample be cloudy? | there are still intact cells |
| What is Diuresis? | temporary increase in urine volume |
| If a physician orders for a urine culture, what type of specimen is preferred? | first morning |
| Define Nocturia | someone excreting more than 400mL during the night |
| What is a normal urine volume? | 600-1600mL per 24 hrs |
| What is the composition of urine? | waste excreted from blood after the kidneys filter through it |
| True or false: Normal urine should become cloudy when left standing | true |
| If someone is dehydrated, what tint would their urine be? Why? | Amber; decreased urine volume |
| Why might someone's urine be pale in color? | diluted due to excessive h2o intake, or a sign for kidney issues (diabetes mellitus or nephrotic syndrome) |
| What components of urine are measured in a physical examination? | color, odor, transparency, foam, specific gravity, volume |
| What scent would indicate that ketones are present? | sweet/fruity |
| True or false: bacterial infections emit a strong odor of ammonia | true |
| Do amino acid metabolic disorders emit a universal scent? If not, why? | no, because it is specific to each disorder |
| When a normal urine sample is standing, what should happen to the thin coat of foam? | it should dissipate |
| How can nephrotic syndrome be determine based on looking at a urine sample's foam characteristics? | abundant white foam coating due to increased protein concentration |
| An increase in bilirubin could be determined by the urine's foam being | abundant and yellow |
| What is the normal range of specific gravity? | 1.003-1.035 |
| What determines the state of a patient's kidney and hydration? | Specific gravity |
| Define Specific gravity | the weight of dissolved substances within a solution that is then compared to an equal amount of water (1.000) |
| What are the quantitative components of a biochemical urine analysis? | pH, specific gravity, urobilinogen |
| What are the qualitative components of a biochemical urine analysis? | protein, leukocyte esterase, bilirubin, blood, ketones, glucose, nitrite |
| In a normal chemical analysis of urine, what are the reference ranges for pH, Specific Gravity, and Urobilinogen? | pH: 5-7 SG: 1.001-1.035 Urobilinogen: 0.2-1.0mg/dL |
| What are some advantages of using dipsticks for testing? | - easily disposable - does not require a large sample size - cost effective - convenient for storage |
| True or false: The usage of dipsticks is valued over confirmatory tests | false |
| What may happen if an unpreserved specimen is left out at room temp? | decreased glucose and ketones, decreased pH and turbidity |
| If a urine specimen is stored at room temp, it should be left out for | less than 2hrs |
| If an unpreserved urine specimen is refrigerated, it should be in there for | 6-8 hrs |
| If a preservative is added to urine specimen, it should last | 24-72hrs |
| Why would a patient with diabetes mellitus have increased urine volume and specific gravity? | they have more substances being excreted |
| What may the presence of casts in urine indicate? | Kidney injury |
| True or false: Hyaline casts are normal to fine in urine samples? | True |
Created by:
innazukaa
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