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Class 8/27-9/3
Hearing Sciences
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do audiologists do? | administer hearing tests, recommend/fit hearing aids, cochlear implants, middle ear implants, hearing conservation manager, customer service, research, operating room, professional musician help |
| What does it take to become an audiologist? | A doctorate in audiology, clinical fellowship year, 4 years post bachelors degree |
| What two terms can all sounds be described in? | level or frequency |
| What is frequency? | the number of occurrences within a given time period |
| What are Hertz (Hz)? | the number of vibrations/cycles per second |
| What are some examples of low frequency sounds? | A deep male voice, sounds from a tuba, the left side of a piano |
| What are some examples of high frequency sounds? | A small child's voice, small birds chirping, the right side of a piano |
| What is sound level informally known as? | volume |
| How is sound level quantified? | In some form of decibels (dB) |
| What are the most common types of decibels used in hearing sciences? | decibel Sound Pressure Level (dB SPL), decibel hearing level (dBHL) or dBA |
| What are examples of low level sounds? | A whisper, an old fashioned watch ticking, a quiet library |
| What are examples of high level sounds? | The blast from a air horn, a nearby scream, a nearby siren |
| What is a sound with a high level and low frequency? | A bass guitar right next to you |
| What is a sound with a low level and low frequency? | A man with a deep voice whispering |
| What is a sound with a high level and a high frequency? | A child screaming |
| What is a sound with a low level and a high frequency | A child whispering |
| What is broadband content? | a sound with low and high frequncies |
| What is an example of a sound with broadband content? | a concert |
| What makes up the outer ear? | the pinna/oricle and the external ear canal |
| What makes up the middle ear? | the ear drum, malleus, incus, and stapes |
| What makes up the inner ear? | the cochlea and semicircular canals |
| What is the cochlea encased in? | bone |
| If a patient has a hearing loss, where is the location of the problem? | It could be in any part of the ear |
| What does "site of lesion" mean in audiology? | the location of the problem |
| Why would an ear infection be potentially hazardous to your health? | The brain is so close to the ear, it could easily spread. It could also damage the ear, impacting hearing |
| What is another name for the middle ear? | the tympanum |
| What is the bony labyrinth made of? | the cochlea and vestibular systems (inner ear) |
| What is the petrous portion of the ear? | the inner ear |
| What marks the beginning of the external auditory canal? | the concha of the pinna |
| What marks the end of the external auditory canal? | the tympanic membrane/ear drum |
| What can you see in a clean, healthy ear drum? | the head of the malleus |
| What is the order for the ossicular chain? | the malleus, incus, and stapes |
| What does the malleus connect to? | the tympanic membrane and the incus |
| What does the stapes connect to? | the incus and the oval window of the cochlea |
| What does the incus connect to? | the malleus and the stapes |
| What does the malleus look like? | a hammer |
| What does the incus look like? | an anvil |
| What does the stapes look like? | a stirrup |
| What is the apex of the cochlea? | the top part |
| What is the base of the cochlea? | The bottom part |
| What level of frequencies does the base of the cochlea deal with? | High frequencies |
| What level of frequencies does the apex of the cochlea deal with? | Low frequencies |
| What is the range for human hearing? | 20-20,000 Hz |
| What is the modiolus? | the center of the cochlea |
| Where does the auditory nerve originate from? | Inside the cochlea |
| What is the shape of the cochlea like? | a left-turning spiral staircase |
| Where are the hair cells found? | in the scala media |
| Where does the tectorial membrane sit? | on top of the hair cells |
| How many rows of outer hair cells are there? | three |
| How many rows of inner hair cells are there? | one |
| What are the outer hair cells used for? | inner hair cell stimulation |
| What sends most of the hearing signal to the brain? | the inner hair cells |
| What is the shape of an inner hair cell? | pear or flask |
| What is the shape of an outer hair cell? | cylindrical |
| What percent of afferent neurons connect to inner hair cells? | 95% |
| What percent of afferent neurons connect to outer hair cells? | 5% |
| What type of motility do inner hair cells have? | none |
| What type of motility do outer hair cells have? | stretch and shrink |
| What is the name for the outer hair cells' ability to move? | Outer hair cell motility |
| What makes the outer hair cells contract (stretch and shrink)? | efferent nerve stimulation |
| Where is the auditory cortex located in the brain? | the temporal lobe |
| What is the ascending nuclei order of the auditory brainstem pathway? | medial geniculate body, inferior colliculus, lateral lemniscus, Superior Olivary Complex, and Cochlear nucleus |
| What does the the 8th nerve connect | the cochlea to the cochlear nucleus |
| What is a nucleus? | a collection of specialized cell bodies |
| When is a sound heard? | When the signal gets to the auditory cortex |
| Where does hearing occur? | in the auditory cortex |
| What is the acronym for the ascending nuclei order of the auditory brains tem pathway? | MILSC |
| What is a complex vibration? | the sum of individual types of vibrations |
| What are individual types of vibrations called? | sinusoidal vibrations (sine) |
Created by:
hrshook0104
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