Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Hem-, Immuno-,ImHem-
Studystack of Immunology Hemostasis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What test is commonly used to assess the extrinsic and common pathways? | PT (Prothrombin Time) |
| What test is commonly used to assess the intrinsic and common pathways? | APTT |
| What is the main function of the complement system in immunity? | T-cell receptors on lymphocytes recognize specific antigens. |
| Which antibody class is the most abundant in human serum and is primarily involved in secondary immune responses? | IgG is the most abundant antibody involved in secondary immune responses. |
| Which component is primarily responsible for the recognition of specific antigens in the immune system? | To lyse pathogens and facilitate phagocytosis through opsonization. |
| Which immunological test is used to detect the presence of specific antibodies against an antigen in serum? | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detects antibodies in serum. |
| Which blood group system is most important in transfusion medicine because of its strong antigenicity? | ABO blood group system is most important due to strong antigenicity. |
| In the coagulation cascade, what initiates the extrinsic pathway? | Tissue factor (factor III) released from damaged tissue initiates the extrinsic pathway. |
| Which one of the following best describes the role of fibrin in hemostasis? | Fibrin forms a mesh that stabilizes the blood clot. |
| Which coagulation test assesses the function of the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways? | Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests intrinsic and common pathways. |
| Which antibody class is primarily found in mucosal secretions and plays a key role in mucosal immunity? | IgA is primarily found in mucosal secretions for mucosal immunity. |
| Which immune cells are primarily responsible for producing antibodies? | B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies. |
| What is the primary physiologic role of platelets in hemostasis? | Platelets aggregate to form a primary hemostatic plug at injury sites. |
| Which of the following best describes the action of anticoagulant protein antithrombin? | Antithrombin inhibits thrombin and other serine proteases to reduce clotting. |
| Which immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in allergic reactions? | IgE is primarily involved in allergic reactions. |
| Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions? | Type O negative blood is the universal red blood cell donor. |
| What is the main difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways? | The intrinsic pathway is activated by contact with damaged endothelium; extrinsic by tissue factor exposure. |
| What is the primary difference between natural (nonspecific) immunity and specific (adaptive) immunity? | Natural immunity provides immediate general protection, while specific immunity targets recognized antigens and retains memory. |
| Which immunoglobulin class is the most abundant in the bloodstream and can cross the placenta to protect the fetus? | IgG is the most abundant antibody in blood and provides long-term immunity by crossing the placenta. |
| What laboratory principle is the Rapid Rheumatoid Factor (RF) latex agglutination test based upon? | Agglutination of IgG-coated latex particles by patient serum indicates presence of rheumatoid factor (IgM antibodies). |
| During an immune response, which antibody predominates during the primary exposure and which predominates during the secondary exposure? | IgM predominates during primary exposure; IgG predominates during secondary exposure for stronger memory response. |
| Which organ is the primary site for T-cell maturation in the immune system? | The thymus is the site of T-cell maturation. |
| Which blood group system antigens are inherited codominantly and found on red blood cells as well as other tissues? | ABO blood group antigens are codominantly inherited and present on RBCs and other tissues. |
| What is the role of Factor XIII in coagulation? | Factor XIII cross-links fibrin strands to stabilize the clot. |
| What distinguishes monoclonal antibodies from polyclonal antibodies in immunological testing? | Monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single B-cell clone and bind one epitope; polyclonal are from multiple clones binding multiple epitopes |
| Which components primarily form the platelet plug during primary hemostasis? | Activated platelets adhering to exposed collagen form the platelet plug. |
| How does warfarin act as an anticoagulant? | Warfarin inhibits vitamin K–dependent coagulation factor activation, preventing clot formation. |
| What laboratory detection method uses changes in light transmission to detect clot formation? | Photo-optical (photometric) clot detection measures changes in light to detect clots. |
| Which immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in allergic reactions and triggers histamine release? | IgE is involved in allergies and parasitic infections, triggering histamine release. |
| What is the primary clinical significance of Rh typing in blood transfusions? | Rh typing prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn and ensures transfusion compatibility. |
| What is the primary role of Factor III (Tissue Factor) in the coagulation cascade? | It triggers the extrinsic pathway by initiating the coagulation cascade upon vessel injury. |
| Which coagulation factor is responsible for activating Factor X in the extrinsic pathway? | Factor VIIa in complex with Tissue Factor (Factor III). |
| In the intrinsic pathway, which factor is activated first upon contact with exposed collagen? | Factor XII (Hageman factor). |
| What role does calcium (Factor IV) play in the coagulation cascade? | It serves as a required cofactor for multiple activation steps including prothrombinase complex formation. |
| Which complex is formed to activate prothrombin to thrombin in the common pathway? | Prothrombinase complex, composed of Factor Xa, Factor Va, calcium ions, and phospholipids. |
| Which factor stabilizes the fibrin clot by cross-linking fibrin strands? | Factor XIII (Fibrin-stabilizing factor). |
| Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in which coagulation factor? | Factor VIII (Antihemophilic factor). |
| What is the sequence of factor activation in the intrinsic pathway leading to Factor Xa formation? | XII → XI → IX → VIII → activation of X → Xa. |
| Which two coagulation pathways converge at Factor X during clot formation? | Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. |
| What clinical test is used to monitor warfarin therapy by evaluating the extrinsic and common pathways? | Prothrombin Time (PT) test. |
| Which factor deficiency results in Hemophilia B? | Factor IX deficiency. |
| In addition to enzymatic factors, which components form the prothrombinase complex essential for thrombin generation? | Factor V, calcium ions, and phospholipid surfaces such as platelets. |
| What is the main role of Factor V in the coagulation cascade? | Acts as a cofactor in forming the prothrombinase complex facilitating thrombin production. |
| Which factor initiates the common pathway by being activated by intrinsic or extrinsic tenase? | Factor X (Stuart-Prower factor). |
| Which coagulation factor deficiency affects platelet adhesion and is linked to von Willebrand Disease? | Von Willebrand factor deficiency or dysfunction. |
| Factor I | Name: Fibrinogen Role: Converted by thrombin into fibrin, forming the stable clot mesh. Pathway: Common |
| Factor II | Name: Prothrombin Role: Converted by prothrombinase complex into thrombin, the key enzyme in clot formation. Pathway: Common |
| Factor III | Name: Tissue Factor (Thromboplastin) Role: Trigger of the extrinsic pathway; released from damaged tissue, not normally present in blood. Pathway: Extrinsic |
| Factor IV | Name: Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) Role: Required as a cofactor for multiple activation steps and complex formations. Pathway: Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Common |
| Factor V | Name: Labile Factor Role: Cofactor for the prothrombinase complex; accelerates conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Pathway: Common |
| Factor VII | Name: Stable Factor (Proconvertin) Role: Binds to tissue factor (III) and activates Factor X; initiates extrinsic pathway. Pathway: Extrinsic |
| Factor VIII | Name: Antihemophilic Factor A Role: Cofactor with Factor IXa in the intrinsic tenase complex, activating Factor X. Pathway: Intrinsic |
| Factor IX | Name: Christmas Factor Role: Activated by Factor XIa; forms intrinsic tenase complex with Factor VIIIa. Pathway: Intrinsic |
| Factor X | Name: Stuart-Prower Factor Role: Activated by intrinsic and extrinsic tenase complexes; beginning of common pathway by converting prothrombin to thrombin. Pathway: Common |
| Factor XI | Name: Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent Role: Activated by Factor XIIa; activates Factor IX. Pathway: Intrinsic |
| Factor XII | Name: Hageman Factor Role: Activated by contact with exposed collagen or negatively charged surfaces; starts intrinsic pathway. Pathway: Intrinsic |
| Factor XIII | Name: Fibrin-stabilizing Factor Role: Activated by thrombin and calcium; cross-links fibrin strands to form a stable clot. Pathway: Common |
| HMWK (High-Molecular-Weight Kininogen) & PK (Prekallikrein) | Role: Cofactors that support activation of Factors XII and XI. Pathway: Intrinsic |
| True or False: Bone marrow examination includes aspiration and biopsy and is important for diagnosing blood disorders. | True |
| True or False: Prothrombin Time (PT) evaluates the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways. | False(PT evaluates extrinsic and common pathways; aPTT evaluates intrinsic and common pathways) |
| True or False: The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test measures red cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet function. | False (CBC measures platelet count but not platelet function tests) |
| True or False: Crossmatching is a compatibility test performed before blood transfusions to avoid immune reactions. | True |
| True or False: Rh-negative individuals lack the D antigen on their red blood cells. | True |
| True or False: The ABO blood group O contains both A and B antigens on red blood cells. | False (Blood group O lacks both A and B antigens) |
| True or False: Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. | True |
| True or False: Leukemia is a cancer characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal red blood cells. | False (Leukemia involves uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal white blood cells, not RBCs) |
| True or False: Iron-deficiency anemia results from inadequate iron affecting hemoglobin synthesis. | True |
| True or False: The lymphoid lineage produces red blood cells, platelets, and monocytes. | False (Lymphoid lineage produces lymphocytes, not RBCs, platelets, or monocytes) |
| True or False: Hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent progenitors that give rise to all types of blood cells. | True |
| True or False: Platelets are complete cells derived from megakaryocytes and are essential for forming blood clots. | False (Platelets are cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes, not complete cells) |
| True or False: Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and function primarily by phagocytizing bacteria and fungi | True |
| True or False: Red blood cells are nucleated cells with a lifespan of approximately 30 days. | False (RBCs are anucleate with a lifespan of about 120 days) |
| True or False: Plasma makes up about 55% of blood volume and contains water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products. | True |
Created by:
user-2001025
Popular Laboratory Science sets