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AUTOMATION
Automation in the Clinical Laboratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| TAT= | turnaround time |
| What would an increased number of tests + number of patient samples increase the need for? | - faster TAT of results - overall efficiency - increased accuracy |
| LIMS= | Laboratory Information Management Systems |
| LIS= | Laboratory Information Systems |
| What agency oversees the data within our computers? | College of American Pathologists (CAP) |
| What are the three components of LIS? | Preanalytical, analytical, postanalytical |
| What is within the preanalytical component of LIS? | - demographic info - specimen information (requirements, tubes received, tests ordered) - carbon copies for physicians - work loads for specific tests/instruments - labels with bar codes |
| How are analytical patient results entered into LIS? | - manually - instrument download - processed through Middleware |
| Patient results are linked to an | accession number |
| In the analytical stage, patient results (critical/panic/otherwise) must be verified by... | the technician |
| What does the postanalytical LIS component generate? | a lab result with demographic information, test results + ranges, flags abnormalities |
| What topics are communicated within the lab? | policies and safety trainings |
| HIS= | hospital information system |
| What are extra-laboratory communications? | allied-health interaction with patient information |
| What are some manual methods within specimen processing? | - data entry - barcode generation - aliquoting - master tube inventory |
| Define "aliquoting" | the process dividing a whole substance into smaller sections for testing or storage |
| Define "automation" | usage of a feedback system to make some form of equipment function automatically |
| Analyzers alert user to | abnormal samples |
| In what level of automation do lab techs play the heaviest manual role in? | Level 1 (System-based) |
| What does a Level 2 Discrete Automation machine do? | process pre-analytical samples that the user put uncapped and unspun |
| A "stand alone" pre-analytical processor can be referred to as | Discrete Automation |
| What level is Integrated Automation? | Level 3 |
| What does Level 3 automation achieve? | handle pre and post-analytical samples connected to analyzers |
| A standalone network with customizable options is known as | Comprehensive Automation (Level 4) |
| What makes automation so effective, in the long run? | - less specimen contact=safer for techs (decreased LAI probability) - increase efficiency and TAT of results - lower cost and increased revenue - decrease medical error - increases patient safety |
| What type of analyzer can perform multiple tests at the same time? | Parallel |
| What type of analyzer can perform one test on multiple specimen concurrently? | Batch |
| What type of analyzer can perform any test on any sample, at any time? | Random access |
| If a tube contains all test components except from the analyte being measured, this is called a | Blank |
| Define "Throughput" | max tests/specimen that can be analyzer within an hour, or other given time |
| Unidirectional interfaces only communicated WHAT to WHERE | downloads of data to the LIS |
| When an instrument receives uploaded patient demographics and sends a downloadable result to the LIS, this interface is considered to be | Bidirectional |
| Discrete analyzers creates analytical pathways for | each individual reaction vessel |
| Centrifugal analyzers use what to spin down the reagent and sample mixture? | cuvette cells in rotor form |
| What is meant by a Continuous Flow analyzer? | All samples are transported through a common reaction vessel/path |
| What type of analyzer utilizes a high throughput and only does tests that are required for a specific specimen? | Multichannel Discrete |
| How do we abide by CLIA '88 guidelines when using analyzers | - use standards for instrument calibration - use controls with each run to ensure instrument calibration |
| What two forms do reagents come in? | liquid and dry |
| What does a microcomputer within instruments do? | signal processing, result reporting, data analysis |
| What are some Automation disadvantages? | - troubleshooting - expensive - not useful for small volumes of specimen - limited methods of analysis |
| What are some advantages to Automation? | - increase speed and precision - 2 or more tests can be performed at once - run large numbers of samples - minimal hands-on time |
| What is the difference between control and standards? | Standards are pure substances with a known number, while Control is a substance with a known range |
Created by:
innazukaa
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