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Physiology

Week 1-6 Physiology

Na+/K+ pump (ATPase) 3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in per ATP; maintains gradients and resting potential
Membrane Transport types Passive: diffusion/osmosis/facilitated; Active: primary (ATP) & Secondary (co-transport; Bulk: endo/exocytosis Mnemonic: DOF - then Active & Bulk
Cell Junctions Tight = seal; Desmosome = strong "spot weld", Gap = ion channel for rapid signaling (cardiac)
Epithelial classification Layers: simple/stratified/pseudostratified; Shapes: Squamos/Cuboidal/Columnar, structure matches function.
Mitosis (PMAT) Prophase (condense), Metaphase (align), Anaphase (separate), Telophase (reform nuclei) - cytokinesis Mnemonic: Please Make A Twin
Skin thermoregulation Eccrine sweat cools, vasodilation dumps heat, vasoconstriction conserves Apocrine = thicker post-puberty
Simple squamous epithelium Single layers of flat cells for diffusion/filtration (alveoli, capillaries)
Stratified squamous epithelium Many layers for protection; keratinized in skin, non-keratinized in mucosa.
Bone remodeling Continuous turnover by osteoclasts/osteoblast responding to stress and Ca2+ needs.
Synovial joints Freely movable joint with capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage.
Compact bone Dense bone organized in osteons for strength.
Eccrine sweat glands Widely distributed, watery secretion for thermoregulation.
Created by: Mbuted
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