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Study Stack Week 1-6
For SCI 221
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is homeostasis and why is it important for the human body? | Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It’s essential for keeping conditions like temperature, pH, and fluid balance within normal ranges for cells to function properly |
| What is the main function of the cell membrane? | The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell, maintaining internal balance and allowing communication between cells. |
| Describe the pathway of blood through the heart? | Blood enters the right atrium → right ventricle → lungs (for oxygenation) → left atrium → left ventricle → then pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body |
| How do neurons communicate with each other? | Through electrical signals called action potentials and chemical messengers called neurotransmitters that cross the synapse between neurons. |
| What are the three phases of an action potential? | 1. Depolarization – sodium ions enter the cell, 2. Repolarization – potassium ions exit the cell, 3. Hyperpolarization – the membrane becomes more negative before returning to resting potential. |
| What is the function of the respiratory system in maintaining homeostasis? | It regulates oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, helping maintain proper pH and supporting cellular metabolism. |
| What happens at the neuromuscular junction during muscle contraction? | The motor neuron releases acetylcholine, which binds to receptors on the muscle fiber’s sarcolemma, triggering an action potential that leads to contraction. |
| Why is understanding physiology important for nurses? | It helps nurses assess patient conditions, understand disease processes, interpret vital signs, and provide effective and safe patient care. |
| What is the main function of the endocrine system? | The endocrine system secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. |
| What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? | The sympathetic system activates the “fight or flight” response, increasing heart rate and alertness. The parasympathetic system promotes “rest and digest,” slowing the heart rate and supporting digestion. |
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