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Jennifer Rodriguez

Physiology Week 1-6

QuestionAnswer
The relatively constant state maintained by the body is known as: anatomy metabolism homeostasis physiology homeostasis
Local control or ______, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals. developmental autoregulation structural autonomous autoregulation
What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? sensory efferent afferent effector afferent
Positive feedback control systems: accelerate a change ignore a change have no effect on the deviation from set point do not exist in human systems accelerate a change
Where is the body's thermostat located hypothalamus
The term that means self-immunity is called autoimmunity
What are three things negative-feedback mechanisms do? 1. Minimize changes in blood glucose levels 2. maintain homeostasis 3. they are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? Sensor Effector mechanism Transmitter Integrating center Transmitter
What element is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates Nitrogen
Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? Creatine phosphate NAD ATP FAD Creatine phosphate
What disaccharide is formed when two molecules of glucose are joined? Maltose
Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Primary
What is dehydration synthesis? The formation of sucrose that involves the removal of a molecule of water.
What is DNA? It is a double-helix strand of nucleotides.
The basic building blocks of fats are: monosaccharides disaccharides fatty acids and glycerol amino acids fatty acids and glycerol
What term means "water loving" and applied to the phospholipid head? hydrophilic
What is the definition of osmosis? The net movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiosis? two steps of cell division a reduction division two haploid gametes four haploid gametes two haploid gametes
What is the term for a chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction? catalyst
Which of the following is an active transport process? diffusion facilitated diffusion endocytosis osmosis endocytosis
The two processes of protein synthesis are _____ and _____. transcription and translation
Transcription can best be described as the synthesis of tRNA reading of mRNA codons by tRNA synthesis of mRNA synthesis of polypeptides at a ribosomal site synthesis of mRNA
Glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell? cytoplasm
In which skin layer does the process of keratinization begin? Stratum granulosum
Which skin layer has cells that look prickly because of the desmosomes that join the cells together? stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum corneum Stratum spinosum
What layer of the skin is the hair follicle found? Dermis
Which cells of the skin act as a type of antigen-presenting cell in the skin? Melanocytes Dendritic Cells Keratinocytes Dermatocytes Dendritic Cells
Smooth muscles that produce goose pimples or goosebumps when they contract are the ____ muscles. arrector pili
Where are apocrine sweat glands found? armpits, areolae of the breasts, and pigmented skin areas around the anus.
Hair: alternates between periods of growth and rest consists of keratinized cells is formed from cells of the germinal matrix all of the above all of the above
True or False: Mucous membranes are important because they lubricate and protect passageways. True
Name three functions of epithelial tissue? Absorption Secretion Protection
Which is not a function of connective tissue? Defense Support Transport Communication Communication
Where is hematopoietic tissue found? Bones
During childbirth, a baby passes through an imaginary plane called the? pelvic outlet symphysis pubis ilium pelvic brim pelvic outlet
What are three primary functions performed by bones? Mineral storage Protection Hematopoiesis
Where is hematopoiesis carried out? Red bone marrow
A condition that is caused by an abnormally increased roundness in the thoracic curvature is Kyphosis
True or False: An open fracture is also known as a compound fracture. True
Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones? parathyroid and adrenaline parathyroid and calcitonin calcitonin and adrenaline calcitonin and aldosterone Parathyroid and calcitonin
What are the three phases of the twitch contraction. latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase.
The energy required for muscular contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of DNA. RNA. ADP. ATP. ATP
The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the actin. myosin. myofibril. sarcomere. Sarcomere
Joints joined by fibrocartilage are called synchrondroses. gomphoses. symphyses. sutures. symphyses
The structure of the knee joint permits movements of flexion and extension. flexion and circumduction. extension and circumduction. none of the above. Flexion and extension
The four kinds of protein that make up myofilaments are myosin, actin, _______, and _______. tropomyosin, and myofibril. troponin, and myofibril. troponin, and trypsin. tropomyosin, and troponin. tropomyosin and troponin.
Synarthrotic joints are freely movable. slightly movable. immovable. freely movable and slightly movable. immovable
Some synovial joints contain a closed pillow-like structure called a(n) meniscus. ligament. bursa. articular cartilage bursa
A gliding joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. uniaxial biaxial multiaxial pivot multiaxial
The purpose of creatine phosphate in muscle contraction is to: carry oxygen. store calcium. replenish energy supply. rotate the cross-bridges. replenish energy supply
The normal reading or range of normal is called the: sensor point. set point. effector point. integrator point. Set point
Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: viruses. bacteria. fungi. protozoa. Viruses
Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease? Environment Stress Lifestyle All of the above all of the above
Negative-feedback control systems: oppose a change. accelerate a change. have no effect on the deviation from set point. establish a new set point. oppose a change
Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. occurrence distribution transmission All of the above are correct. all of the above
The term that literally means self-immunity is: autoimmunity. homoimmunity. passive immunity. active immunity. autoimmunity
Negative-feedback mechanisms: minimize changes in blood glucose levels. maintain homeostasis. are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature. All of the above are correct. all of the above
The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback. negative positive inhibitory deviating positive
Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? Circulatory Endocrine Lymphatic Reproductive reproductive
Pathogenesis can be defined as: a specific disease. a group of diseases. the course of disease development. a subgroup of viruses. the course of disease development
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? Effector mechanism Transmitter Sensor Integrating center transmitter
Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? Virus Bacteria Prion Protozoan prion
Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? Viruses Tapeworms Bacteria Protozoa tapeworms
Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of: the body trying to maintain homeostasis. a positive-feedback mechanism. a negative-feedback mechanism. both A and C. both a and c
If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.
Intrinsic control: usually involves the endocrine or nervous system. operates at the cellular level. is sometimes called autoregulation. operates at the system or organism level. is sometimes called autoregulation
Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes to regulate cell function? intrinsic regulation extrinsic regulation extracellular regulation intracellular regulation intracellular regulation
The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called integration-forward. control-forward. feed-forward. homeostasis. feed-forward
What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? efferent sensory effector afferent afferent
The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times of the day. These daily cyles are called circadian cycles. set point cycles. physiological cycles. feedback cycles. circadian cycles
Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a blood clot are examples of positive feedback. negative feedback. inhibitory feedback. intracellular control. positive feedback
Effectors can be described as organs that are able to identify the variable being controlled. organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables. a type of communication control system. inhibitory regulatory organs. organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables.
Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These include intracellular. intrinsic. extrinsic. All of these are correct. all are correct
Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals. structural developmental autoregulation autonomous autoregulation
Because negative feedback control systems oppose changes that are opposite in direction to the initial disturbance, they are slowed or maintained in the homeostatic range. excitatory. passive. stimulatory. slowed or maintained in the homeostatic range.
The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore, homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms.
To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control system or network is required. This network is called effector control loop. internal environmental control loop. feedback control loop cyclical control loop feedback control loop
Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as sensor mechanisms. integrating mechanisms. set point mechanisms. homeostatic control mechanisms. homeostatic control mechanisms
Extrinsic control usually involves which mode of regulation? nervous endocrine integration Both A and B are correct. both a and b are correct
Which of the following is a basic component of every feedback control loop? sensor mechanism integrating center effector feedback All of these are components of a feedback control loop. all are components of a feedback control loop
The normal reading or range is called the set point. regulatory range. feedback point. integrating range. set point
Created by: Jenniferr4872
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