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SCI 221 - Set 1
Materials Week 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ____ ions are necessary for cross bridging | calcium |
| dorsiflexion is | titling the foot upward, toward the shin |
| T or F: The sarcomere is the contractile unit of a muscle cell | True |
| What phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | Latent period |
| What is the main function of T-tubules? | allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell. |
| What structure temporarily stores calcium ions? | Sarcoplasmic Reticulum |
| Anaerobic respiration results in the formation of an incompletely catabolized molecule called | lactate |
| Isometric Contraction is | a contraction in which muscle length remains the same but muscle tension increases |
| Name the three phases of twitch contraction | latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase. |
| Threshold stimulus refers to | the minimal level of stimulation requires to cause a fiber to contract |
| Myofilaments are made up of | myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin |
| T or F: Synovial fibrous joins are only found in the skull | False |
| Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones? | parathyroid and calcitonin |
| The ____ articulates proximally with the humerus | Ulna |
| In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the | addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones. |
| Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of _____ years. | 35 and 40 |
| What are the two types of bone marrow and their functions? | Red - produce red blood cells Yellow - store energy as fat |
| Bones grow due to activity in the | Epiphyseal plates |
| Why is cartilage slow to heal | Because it is semi-solid and flexible and it has a limited blood supply |
| What is the chief function of the axial skeletal structure: | Provides framework for muscles that anchor and stabilize the appendicular bones |
| Which cells electrically insulate axons to increase the speed of conduction? | Schwann cells and Oligodendrocytes |
| What are the functions of epithelial tissue | Absorption, Secretion, Protection |
| What structure is formed by the union of the basal and reticular lamina? | Basement membrane |
| ____ tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals | Connective |
| Fingernail growth is the result of the mitosis of the cells in the stratum: | germinativum. |
| What are keratinocytes? | skin cells filled with tough, fibrous protein and account for most of the epidermis |
| Smooth muscles that produce goose pimples when they contract are the _____ muscles. | arrector pili |
| Which skin layer does the process of keratinization begin? | Stratum granulosum |
| Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: | haploid |
| A sequence of three bases forms a(n): | codon |
| A hypertonic saline solution contains ____ concentration of salt than red blood cells | higher |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| Diffusion is: | the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
| T or F: Replication and translation are the two processes of protein synthesis | False |
| A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called a(n) | allosteric effector. |
| phagocytosis refers to | cell process in which microorganisms or other large particles are engulfed is called |
| Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis into that solution is called _____ pressure. | osmotic |
| Meiosis results in | four daughter cells that are haploid. |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? | Structural and functional |
| Two molecules of glucose form | Maltose |
| What is LDL? | type of lipoprotein associated with “bad” cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels |
| What are the base pairing rules in DNA? | adenine; thymine , cytosine; guanine |
| The lipid that is often referred to as a tissue hormone is | prostaglandin |
| Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes to regulate cell function? | intracellular regulation |
| What are the basic components of every feedback loop? | sensor mechanism, integrating center, effector, feedback |
| The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called | feed-forward |
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