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Yunuen Chavez set 1
physio wks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The relatively constant state maintained by the body is known as: | Homeostasis |
| Which are the basic components of every feedback control loop | Sensor mechanism, integrating center, effector, and feedback |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive system |
| The normal reading or range of normal is called the: | set point |
| The course of disease development is known as: | Pathogenesis |
| T/F: Negative-feedback control systems oppose a change | True |
| The body's thermostat is located where? | Hypothalamus |
| T/F: Positive-feedback control systems accelerate a change | True |
| Which of the following may put one at risk of developing a given disease: a. Environment b. Stress c. Lifestyle | All of the above |
| Epidemiology | The study of occurrence, distribution, & transmission of diseases in human populations |
| What is NOT one of the major groups of organic substances in the body: a. proteins b. salts c. lipids d. nucleic acids | b. salts |
| Humans can synthesize 13/ 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8 are called: | essential amino acids |
| What's the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | Degree of saturation |
| The element present in ALL proteins but NOT in carbohydrates is: | Nitrogen |
| Which of the following are true of RNA: a. it contains ribose sugar b. it contains adenine c. it is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides d. all of the above | d. all of the above |
| A ____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons | A free radical |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories | structural & functional |
| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: a. triglyceride b. phospholipid c. steroid d. Both a & c are correct | d. both a & c are correct |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by | peptide bonds |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis |
| Which lipid is part of Vit D: a. glycerol b. steroids c. prostaglandins d. fatty acids | b. steroids |
| Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids | Primary |
| Unsaturated fats: a. contain all the hydrogen atoms they can hold b. contain only single bonds between carbon atoms c. are usually solids at room temperature d. will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms | d. will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined they form which disaccharide: a. sucrose b. maltose c. lactose d. fructose | b. maltose |
| The lipoprotein associated with "bad" cholesterol and production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: | LDL |
| The main polysaccharide of the body (sometimes referred to as animal starch) | Glycogen |
| DNA molecule pairings: | C-G, A-T |
| T/F: Glycoprotein is a compound made of carbohydrate and protein with protein being the dominate component | True |
| T/F: diffusion uses cellular energy | False. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Carrier-mediated transport: | the process in which a membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane |
| All of the following are examples of passive transport except: a. filtration b. osmosis c. endocytosis d. dialysis | c. endocytosis |
| T/F: transcription can be best described as the synthesis of mRNA | True |
| T/F: An individual's entire set of DNA can be referred to as a genome | True |
| The process by which water moves through the cell membrane: | Osmosis |
| Small water channels in the cell membrane are called: | aquaporins |
| Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: | facilitated diffusion |
| A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be: | hypertonic |
| Diffusion requires: a. a semipermeable membrane b. a concentration gradient c. ions d. none of the above | b. a concentration gradient |
| In the sodium-potassium pump, Sodium moves _____ the cell and Potassium moves _____ the cell | Sodium moves out of; Potassium moves into |
| The stages of Mitosis are: | IPMAT; Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| T/F: the site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm | True |
| RNA molecule pairings: | A-U, G-C |
| The layers of the epidermis are: | BSGLC: Stratum Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum |
| What is NOT a function of connective tissue: a. transport b. support c. defense d. communication | d. communication |
| Which is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue: a. typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes b. protects the body from foreign invaders c. supports the body d. transports substances throughout the body | a. typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes |
| Which cells electrically insulate axons to increase the speed of conduction: | Schwann cells & Oligodendrocytes |
| Which is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscles: a. having one nucleus per cell b. being attached to bone c. having striations d. having voluntary or willed muscles | a. having one nucleus per cell |
| The hypodermis: | connects the dermis to underlying tissues |
| What are the functions of epithelial tissue: | absorption, secretion, protection |
| Which of the five epidermal layers is the only one able to undergo mitosis: | Stratum Basale |
| Which of the following is Not a characteristic of muscle tissue: a. cells are specialized to contract b. produces movement for the body c. generates heat for the body d. cells are separated by large quantity of ECM | d. Cells are separated by a large quantity of ECM |
| Adipose tissue functions: | 1. insulate to conserve body heat 2. supports & protects the kidneys 3. stores excess food |
| T/F: epithelial tissue is important in communication and control | False |
| Three types of body fat: | Beige fat, brown fat, white fat |
| Connective tissue that helps newborns maintain body temperature by producing heat: | Brown fat |
| Connective tissue forms from stem cell tissue called: | Mesenchyme |
| What type of tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate: a. muscle b. nervous c. epithelial | c. epithelial |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as it passes through the birth canal: a. trabeculae b. fontanels c. sinuses d. sutures | b. fontanels |
| Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones: | parathyroid and calcitonin |
| T/F: The diaphysis can be characterized as being hollow & composed of compact bone | True |
| Epiphyseal plate: | A layer of cartilage between the epiphysis & diaphysis that remains until bone growth in length is complete |
| T/F: Due to how the clavicle articulates with the scapula, all shoulder movements involve the sternoclavicular joint | True |
| Which can attribute to skeletal variations: a. inadequate supply of calcium & vit D b. mechanical stress c. age d. all of the above | d. all of the above |
| Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of ____ years | 35-40 |
| T/F: the cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are the Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi apparatus | True |
| Bones act as a reservoir for which minerals: | Calcium & phosphorus |
| T/F: The Epiphysis can be characterized as made of spongy bone & containing red bone marrow | True |
| T/F: The primary ossification center of a long bone is located in the diaphysis | True |
| T/F: calcification of he organic bone matrix occurs when complex calcium salts are deposited into the matrix | True |
| Which joint allows for the most movement: a. gliding b. saddle c. ball and socket d. trochoid | c. ball and socket |
| During inspiration the _____ flattens, thus increasing the size and volume of the thoracic cavity | diaphragm |
| Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions? | Sarcoplasmic Reticulum |
| T/F: the type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones | True |
| The strength of a muscle contraction is influenced by the: a. amount of the load b. initial length of muscle fibers c. recruitment of motor units d. all of the above | d. all of the above |
| The ions necessary for cross-bridging is | calcium |
| The energy required for muscle contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of | ATP |
| Moving a body part AWAY from the medial plane of the body is called: | Abduction |
| Joints can be classified as | Structural or functional |
| The functional classification of joints classifies joints as | Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses |
| Synarthroses classification means joints are | Immovable |
| Amphiarthroses classification of joints means joints are | slightly movable |
| Diarthroses classification of joints means joints are | freely moveable |
| The 3 subtypes of Fibrous joints | Syndesmoses, Sutures, Gomphoses |
| The subtypes of Cartilaginous joints are | Synchondroses & Symphyses |
| Synchondroses: | Have hyaline cartilage between articulating bones |
| Symphyses: | A joint in which a pad or disk of fibrocartilage connects 2 bones |
| Types of Synovial Joints: | Uniaxial, Biaxial, Multiaxial |
| Uniaxial Joints: | Permit movement around only 1 axis & 1 plane. ex: Hinge Joints, Pivot Joints |
| Biaxial Joints: | Diarthroses and permit movement around 2 perpendicular axes in 2 perpendicular planes. ex: saddle joints, condyloid joints |
| Multiaxial Joints: | Permit movement around 3+ axes in 3+ planes. ex. Ball and socket joints , Gliding joints |
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Yunuenchavez
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