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Jocelyn
Midterm physiology 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Basic components of control mechanisms homeostasis | sensor mechanisms-detect and react to changes Integrating, or control center - info is analyzed,, if needed change starts effector mechanisms - effectors influence controlled variables feedback - info of variable flowing back to control censor |
| Organic molecules | 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids and related molecules |
| Membrane transport | Some substances can move directly through phospholipid bilayer Other substances moved by transport proteins through membrane - size, shape direction, rate |
| Cell reproduction | ensures that genetic information is passed from one generation to the next |
| Mitotic cell division | the process of organizing and distributing nuclear DNA during cell division; has four distinct phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Tissues and membranes maintain homeostasis | epithelial tissues - protect fluid, absorb nutrients, secrete products homeostasis connective tissues - hold organs/systems together, form structures support movement muscle tissues - connective tissue movement nervous tissues - regulate body function |
| Structure of long bones | diaphysis - main shaft epiphyses - ends articular cartilage - cushion joints periosteum - attaches tendons to bones medullary - hollow space diaphysis endosteum - lines medullary |
| Structure of flat bones and other bones | Inner portion is cancellous bone covered on the outside with compact bone Spaces inside the cancellous bone of short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones are filled with red marrow |
| Functional classification of joints | Synarthroses—immovable joints Amphiarthroses—slightly movable Diarthroses—freely movable |
| Representative Synovial Joints | humeroscapular joint elbow joint proximal radioulnar joint distal radioulnar joint radiocarpal (wrist) join intercarpal joint carpometacarpal joint metacarpophalangeal joint interphalangeal joint hip joint knee joint ankle joint vertebral |
| Overview of the muscle cell | Sarcolemma plasma membrane muscle fibers Sarcoplasmic reticulum network of tubules and sacs T tubules transport Ca++ ions inward Triad electrical impulses stimulate membranes Myofibrils fibers in sarcoplasm Sarcomere Striated muscle |
| Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs | Motor unit motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers to which it attaches Myography method of graphing the changing tension of a muscle as it contracts Treppe the staircase phenomenon Tetanus smooth contractions Muscle tone |
| Graded strength principle | skeletal muscles contract with varying degrees of strength at different times |
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