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MFrazier
Physiology midterm prep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are effectors? | Organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables. |
| What is homeostasis? | The relatively constant state maintained by the body. |
| What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? | Afferent |
| Extrinsic control usually involves which mode of regulation? | Nervous and Endocrine |
| Which feedback mechanism is displayed by shivering to raise body temperature? | Negative-feedback mechanism |
| What is the purpose of Positive-Feedback control systems? | To accelerate change |
| The contraction of the uterus during childbirth is an example of which kind of feedback mechanism? | Positive |
| What is the point of Negative-Feedback control systems? | To oppose change |
| What is an organic molecule? | A carbon-containing molecule formed by living things |
| What do you call an arrangement of atoms attached to the carbon core of many organic molecules? | Functional group |
| What elements are within a protein? | Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| The base pairing of DNA molecules, _________ is bound to _________. | Adenine, Thymine |
| What is the result of normal mitosis? | Cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell? |
| Which phase of interphase does the replication of DNA occur? | S phase |
| What is diffusion? | The net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. (concentration gradient) |
| What are the two processes of protein synthesis? | Transcription and translation |
| During mitosis, chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell along spindle fibers in which stage? | Anaphase |
| What is osmosis? | The net movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. |
| What is the normal result of meiosis? | Four daughter cells that are haploid |
| What are the four phases of Mitosis? | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| What are the basic building blocks of fats? | Fatty acids and glycerol |
| What is dehydration synthesis? | The removal of water from a molecule |
| What is transcription? | Synthesis of mRNA within the nucleus |
| Where does translation occur? | Cytoplamsm |
| What term describes materials moving from a low concentration to a high concentration? | Active transport |
| What occurs during metaphase? | Chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers. |
| What term describes the diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule? | Facilitated diffusion |
| What is carrier-mediated transport? | A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. |
| What is filtration? | The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane. |
| What are the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial? | Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. |
| Where is hematopoietic tissue found? | Bones |
| Which cells help destroy pathogens and damaged tissue in the brain? | Microglia |
| What are the two types of bone marrow? | Red and yellow |
| What is the external portion of bone? | Cortical |
| What are osteoblasts? | Small cells that synthesize and secrete a specialized organic matrix. |
| What type of joints are freely moveable? | Synovial |
| What type of joints are immovable? | Synarthroses |
| What type of fibrous tissue is found only in the skull? | Suture |
| What is a threshold stimulus? | The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract. |
| Which joints are joined by fibrocartilage? | Symphyses |
| What are the four kinds of proteins that make up myofilaments? | Myosin, Actin, Tropomyosin, and Troponin |
| What is Isometric contraction? | A kind of contraction in which muscle length remains the same, but muscle tension increases (static tension) |
| What is Isotonic contraction? | A kind of contraction in which muscle length changes while muscle tension remains the same. |
| What are the functional classifications of joints? | gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle, ball-and-socket, condyloid |
| What are the three phases of twitch contraction? | Latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase |
| What type of joint joins the two pubic bones together? | Symphysis |
| Endurance training is also called: | Aerobic training |
| What is the contractile unit of a muscle cell? | Sarcomere |
Created by:
Mollyrose
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