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4.01 Key terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accountant | An individual who has had specialized training in accounting procedures |
| Accounting | The process of keeping financial records |
| Accounting cycle | A process or series of steps that businesses complete to maintain their financial records effectively |
| Accounting standards | Rules that accountants must follow when preparing financial statements |
| Accrual | A method of accounting that record transactions at the time they occur |
| Acquisition of funds | Finance activity involving making decisions about financing |
| Administration of assets | Finance activity involving making decisions about a firm's investments |
| Assets | Anything of value that a business owns |
| Balance sheet | A financial statement that captures the financial condition of the business at the particular moment |
| Capital investment decisions | Decisions that determine which projects a business will invest in, how the investment(s) will be financed, and whether to pay dividends to shareholders |
| Cash flow statement | A financial summary of recording aas to when, where, and how much money will flow into and out of a business |
| Dividends | A sum of money paid to an investor or stockholders earnings on an investment |
| Expenses | The monies that a business spends; also called expenditures |
| External users | People outside the business who use accounting information - suppliers, banks, customers, lenders, investors, and tax authories |
| Finance | In business, the function that involves all money and money management matters |
| Financial statement | A summary of accounting information |
| Income | Money received by a business or an individual from outside sources. |
| Income statement | A financial summary that shows how much money the business has made or loss; also called the profit-and-loss statement |
| Internal users | People within the business who use financial information- owners, managers, and employees |
| Liabilities | Debts that the business owes |
| Net worth | The total value of the business |
| Owner's equity | The amount an owner has invested in the business plus or minus profits and losses |
| Statement or owner's equity | Usually a one-page report showing the difference in total assets and total liabilities, shows the overall value of he owner's equity |