Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Brittany Opelousas
Physiology Weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The body's ability to keep a constant internal environment is called? | Homestasis |
| What are the components of a feedback loop? | Receptor (sensor), control center, and effector. |
| What is a negative feedback loop? | A mechanism that reverses a change to keep conditions stable (ex: body temperature regulation). |
| What is a positive feedback loop? | A mechanism that amplifies a change until a specific goal is reached (ex: childbirth). |
| What are the four major organic molecules? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. |
| What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides (simple sugars). |
| Extrinsic control usually involves which mode of regulation? | nervous and endocrine |
| A term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? | afferent |
| To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n) | feedback control loop. |
| Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals | autoregulation |
| The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called | feed- forward |
| Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These include | intracellular, intrinsic, extrinsic |
| the impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore, homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as | organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms |
| Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as | homeostatic control mechanisms. |
| what is the main function of carbohydrates? | Provide energy for the body. |
| What are the building blocks of lipids? | gylcerol and fatty acids. |
| What is the main function of DNA | stores genetic information. |
| Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes to regulate cell function? | intracellular regulation. |
| Effectors can be described as | organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables. |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | reproductive. |
| A term that means “water loving” and applies to the phospholipid head? | hydrophilic |
| All proteins have which four elements? | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| ATP | is the form of energy that cells generally use. |
| Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n) | polymer |
| A saturated fatty acid is one in which | available bonds of its polypeptide chain are filled |
| he carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called | organic molecules. |
| What determines how a protein performs? | shape |
| The most important monosaccharide is | glucose |
| n base pairing of DNA molecules, _____ is bound to _____. | adenine; thymine |
| The lipid that is often referred to as a tissue hormone is | prostaglandin. |
| Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch? | glycogen |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? | Structural and functional |
| If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be: | GATCCGAC. |
| Diffusion can be defined as | the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
| Which of the following is an active transport process? | endocytosis |
| A chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction is a(n) | catalyst. |
| Transcription can best be described as the | synthesis of mRNA. |
| What is passive transport? | movement of substances across a membrane without energy. |
| Waht are examples of passive transport? | diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. |
| What is active transport? | movement of substances against their concentration gradient energy (ATP). |
| What is Catabolism? | breaking down molecules to release energy. |
| What is metabolism? | all chemical reactions in the body. |
| What is anabolism? | building larger molecules from smaller molecules (requires energy). |
| What are the two stages of protein synthesis? | transcription and translation |
| Where does transcription occur? | in the nucleus |
| Where does translation occur? | on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, |
| What is mitosis? | division of cell's nucleus to form two identical cells. |
| What is the cell cycle? | the sequence of growth and division in a cell's life. |
| What are the four main types of tissues? | epithelial, connective, muscles, and nervous tissue. |
| What is the differentiation? | Process by which cells become specialized. |
| What is regeneration? | replacement of destroyed tissue with the same kind of cells. |
| What are epithelial membranes made of? | epithelial tissues and underlying connective tissue. |
| What the main types of epithelial membranes? | mucous, serous, and cutaneous. |
| What are the key features of epithelial tissue? | tightly packed, cells, avascular, regenerates quickly. |
| What is the function of connective tissue? | support, protection, transport and binding. |
| What are connective tissue membranes? | synovial membranes that line joint cavities. |
| What are the three types of muscle tissue? | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. |
| What is the function of muscle tissue? | produce movement and heat. |
| What are the main cells of nervous tissue? | neurons and neuroglia |
| What is the function of neurons? | transmit electrical impulses |
| What are the two main layers of the skin? | Epidermis and dermis. |
| What are the functions of skin? | Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D production |
| What are appendages of the skin? | Hair, nails, and glands. |
| What are the main functions of bone? | Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation. |
| What are the main parts of a long bone? | Diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends), and periosteum (covering). |
| What is the microscopic unit of compact bone? | Osteon (Haversian system). |
| What regulates blood calcium ? | Parathyroid hormone (raises) and calcitonin (lowers). |
| What is ossification? | The process of bone formation. |
| What are the two main divisions of the skeleton? | Axial and appendicular |
| What bones make up the axial skeleton? | Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, and thorrax |
| What bones make up the appendicular skeleton? | Upper and lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles. |
| What is a skeletal variation? | Differences due to age, sex, or individual development. |
| How are joints classified? | By structure (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) and function (immovable, slightly movable, freely movable). |
| What is a synovial joint? | A freely movable joint with a fluid-filled cav |
| Give examples of synovial joint types. | Hinge (elbow), ball-and-socket (shoulder), pivot (neck). |
| What are common synovial joint movements? | Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation. |
| What is the main function of skeletal muscles? | Voluntary movement and posture. |
| What is the graded strength principle? | Muscles adjust their strength of contraction by recruiting more fibers. |
| What is the function of cardiac muscle? | Pump blood through rhythmic, involuntary contractions. |
Created by:
bopelousas
Popular Physiology sets