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MicroBio II Test 1
Review for Microbiology II Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erythromycin | Macrolide/ Bacteriostatic/Protein synthesis/Gram+/Efflux, Altered target |
| Gentamicin | Aminoglycoside/Bactericidal/Protein synthesis/Gram+, Gram-, Not anaerobic/Enzymatic destruction, Altered target, Decreased uptake |
| Cefazolin | Beta-lactam/ Bactericidal/Cell wall/Gram+, Gram-, Not anaerobic/ Enzymatic desctruction, Altered target |
| Vancomycin | Glycopeptide/ Bactericidal/Cell Wall/Gram+/Altered target |
| Levofloxacin | Quinolone/Bactericidal/DNA synthesis/Gram+, Gram-/Decreases uptake, Altered target |
| Imipenem | Intravenous β-lactam or carbapenems/ Bactericidal/Cell wall/Gram+, Gram-/ Enzymatic desctruction, Altered target |
| Ampicillin | Beta-lactam/ Bactericidal/Cell wall/Gram+, Gram-, Not anaerobic/Enzymatic desctruction, Altered target |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam combo | Beta-lactam..Beta lactamase inhibitor/ Bactericidal/Cell wall/Gram+, Gram-/Enzymatic destruction has been elliminated |
| Gram stain morphology of Staphylococcus | Gram-positive cocci in clusters |
| Common media for growth of Haemophilius species | Chocolate |
| Maconkey, XLD, and HE are best described as what type of media | Selective and differential |
| What is the gram stain morphology of Bacillu anthracis | Gram-positive rods |
| What is the order of stains in the Gram Stain procedure | Crystal violet, Grams iodine, Decolorizor, Saffrinin |
| A result of R/A on LIA agar will be interpreted as | Lysine deamination-red slant/glucose fermentation-yellow butt. No color change in the butt=no glucose fermentation or if lysine decarboxilase is formed in the butt, it reverts back to purple. |
| 2 factors necessary for the growth of Haemophilus influenzae | X=Hemin V=NAD |
| Gram-negative rod is oxidase +, grows on BAP and Choc ans is associated with cat scratches | Pasteurella mutocida |
| Animal common as reservoir for the transmission of Francisella tularenis | Rabits and rodents |
| Single carbohydrate that will be fermented by N. gonrrhoeae | Glucose |
| Gram-negative rod that has a bleachy odor and will pit the agar | Eikanella corrodens=Human bite wounds |
| Pigment color seen in many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Green |
| The optochin test in used to identify which Strep species | Strep pneumoniae |
| A total clearing around the colony on BAP is ----- hemolysis | Beta |
| Gramstain morphology of Neisseria meningitidis | Gram-negative diplo cocci |
| Give the apperance of E.coli and Proteus on MAC agar | E.coli=pink Proteus=clear |
| This aerobic gram-negative rod will produce bright red colonies on most standard media | Serratia |
| 2 factors that influence the efficacy of disinfectants | Time and strength |
| This curved-gram-negative rod may cause gastrointestinal disease and is associated with eating chicken | Campylobacter |
| This process is a means by which all microbial life is destroyed | Sterilization |
| Which type of hemolysis is typical of Strep. pneumoniae | Alpha |
| This H2S positive gram-negative organism is implicated in food borne illnesses especially eggs and poultry | Salmonella |
| Swarming on blood agar would indicate the presence of | Proteus |
| Bacteroides fragilis is most likely to be cultivated in this type of atmosphere | Anaerobic |
| Two methods for measuring turbidity | Hold the specimen against a white background with black lines or measuring on an instrument |
| Two criteria for for selection of antimicrobial agents to be tested | Agent needs to have a known effect on the organism and it needs to be affective in the area or site of the bacterial growth |
| What if several colonies of E. coli are too large | Concentration of the inoculum is to small, agar is too thin, Antimicrobial concentration is too large |
| What if you have small colonies within the zone of inhibition of Tetracycline with S. aureus | Mixed culture or possible resistant mutations. Verify culture purity. |
| Gentamycin zone too small with P.aeruginosa | Ca+ and/or Mg+ level too high in medium. Aquire a new lot of agar medium that will meet QC criteria |
| What is the relationship between MIC and zone size | Inversely proportional. The smaller the MIC the larger the zone |
| An organism with an increased MIC value sill be expected to have an increased or decreased zone size | Decreased |
| Name the three weeky QC organisms used for the Kirby Bauer method | S.aureus ATCC 25293, E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 |
| Describe the action of (amoxicillin or ticarcillin)/clavulanic acid combination | Clavulanic acid inactivates a wide range of beta-lactamase enzymes allowing the Ticarcillin to inhibit or kill the organism |
| An oxicllin disk is used to test S. pneumoniae of penicillin. Why? | The penicillin test was not sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle but significant changes in suseptability |
| What should be done if the oxicillin suseptability test on S pneumoniae is resistant or <= to 20mm | Further testing by MIC method is needed. |
| Define emperic antimicrobial therapy | Hitting the organism with a broad spectrum antimicrobial before a definitive ID is made |
| Norofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin are specific for | Urines |
| Criteria for anitmicrobial battery content and use | Organism ID or group, Acquired resistance patterns common to local microbial flora, antimicrobial susceptibility testing method used, site of infection, avalability of antimicrobial agents in formulary |
| Susceptibility | Indicates that the antimcrobial agent in question may b an appropriate choice for treating the infection. Bacterial resistance is absent or at a clinically insignificant level |
| Intermediate | A number of possibilities: May still be effective but perhaps not as much as another choice. May be effective at a particular site of infection.An interpretive safety margin |
| Resistant | Indicates that the antimicrobial agent may not be am appropriate choice, either because the organism is not inhibited by serum-achievable levels or because test results highly correlate with resistance |
| AST commonly required for: | Staph, Step. pneumo, Viridans streptococci, Entrococci, Entrobacteriaceae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. |
| AST occasionally required for: | Haemophilius influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Anearobic bacteria |
| AST rarely required for: | Beta-hemolytic streptococci (groups A, B, C, F and G), Neisseria meningitides, Listeria monocytogenes |
| Requiring further Eval: Staphylococci | Vancomycin intermediate or resistant, Clindamycin resistant; erythromycin susceptible, Linezolid resistant, Daptomycin resistant |
| Viridans streptococci | Vancomycin intermediate or resistant |
| Strep. pneumo | Vancomycin intermediate or resistant |
| Beta-hemolytic strep. | Penicillin intermediate or resistant |
| Enterobacteriacea | Imipenem resistant |
| Entrobacter/Citrobacter/Serratia/Morganella/Providencia | Susceptible to ampicillin of cefazolin |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Amikacin resistant; gentamicin or tobramycin susceptable |
| Stenotrophomonas maltaphilia | Imipenem susceptable; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistant |
| Neisseria gonorrheae | Ceftriaxone resistant |
| Neisseria meningitidis | Penicillin resistant |
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