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Blood System

TermDefinition
What is blood? Complex transport medium that helps regulate heat.
What does blood transport? Oxygen, food, waste products, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, buffers.
Types of Blood Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes, Plasma.
Erythrocytes Red blood cells that transport O2 and CO2. Most numerous of all formed elements. No nuclues and biconcave shape to move without injury through narrow spaces. Produced in red bone marrow.
Leukocytes White blood cells that protect the body against infection and give immunity. Nucleated cells, larger than RBCs, made in red bone marrow, 5 types.
Thrombocytes Platelets (plts) that help with hemostasis and blood clotting.
Plasma Fluid portion that consists of mostly water and some dissolved substances like electrolytes, hormones, gases, and organic compounds.
Hemoglobin Principle pigment of erythrocyte. Made of 4 protein chains called globin that moves CO2. Each globin had a red pigment called the heme (iron atom) that moves O2. Each RBC has 200-300 mil hemoglobins.
Leukocyte types and catigories. GRANULOCYTES: Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils (BEN) AGRANULOCYTES: Lymphocytes, Monocytes (ML)
Neutrophils Cytoplasmic granules that stain pink or light purple. Most numerous (60%), nuclei in 2, 3 or 4 lobes. Protect body with phagocytosis.
Basophils Cytoplasmic granules that stain dark blue or purple. Very mobile cells, Nuclei look like an S. Produce histomine (for inflammation response) and heparin (anticoagulant).
Eosinophils Large cytoplasmic granules that stain reddish orange. Nuclei have 2 lobes like headphones. Ingest inflammatory chemicals and proteins to protect against allergens.
Monocytes Largest WBC. Dark kidney bean shaped nucleus and light bluish gray cytoplasm. Very mobile and protect body using phagocytosis
Lymphocytes Smallest WBC. Large spherical nuclues with small amount of pale blue cytoplasm. Specialize into T-lymphocytes (T cells) and B-lymphocytes (B cells). T cells directly attack antigens or infected cells, B cells produce antibodies.
Hemostasis Stopping blood flow when a vessel is damaged. Most effective at stopping blood from a smaller boold vessel. Damage to larger vessel will require other interventions.
Three stages of hemostasis Vascuar Spasm, Platelet Plug Formation, Coagulation
Vacular Spasm Occurs when an arteriole or venule is broken. Smooth muscles of vessel stimulated to contract-->blood loss decreased. Reflex may only last a few mins but effect could last up to 30 mins. Serotonin realeased by plateles also simulates vessel contraction.
Platelet Plug Formation Platlets stick to any rough surface (makes internal clotting possible). When platlets come in contact with collagen they change shape (spiny things come from membrane) Platlets sick to each other to form plalet plug in vessel break.
Coagulation Actual formation of blood clot. Most effective. Intrinsic mechanism and extrinsic mechanism. Proteins make netting over boold vessel to hold ends together while you heal.
Intrinsic Mechanism tirggered by release of chemical substances from platlets.
Extrinsic Mechanism Triggered by release of chemcial substances released from damaged blood vessels and tissue.
Thrombus Clot that has abnormally formed in blood vessel. May occulud (block) blood flow to organ. Heart and blood vessel disorders may cause formation. Anticoagulants used to treat.
Embolus Dislodged thrombus that is carried away from original site. Moves until it reaches a blood vessel that is too narrow, then blocks. Could be solid, liquid, or gas. Effect Heart, lungs, brain and kidneys the most. Anticoaculants and basket filters treat.
Created by: Gemm
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