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SPED326 Assignment6
Question | Answer |
---|---|
speech disorder | refers to difficulty in producing sounds as well as disorders o voice quality or fluency of speech often referred to as stuttering. |
language disorder | Is difficulty in receiving, understanding, and formulating ideas and information. |
Receptive language disorder | Is characterized by difficulty in receiving or understanding information. |
Expressive language disorder | Is characterized by difficulty in formulation ideas and information |
Cleft palate or lip | Describes a condition in which a person has a split in the upper part of the oral cavity or the upper lip. |
Dialect | Is a regional variation of a language, as when someone speaks English using terms or pronunciations common inly in that regions. |
Speech | Is the oral expression of language. the disorder may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or do mathematical calculations. |
Language | Is structured, shared, rule-governed symbolic system for communication. |
Phonology | Is the use of sounds to make meaningful syllables and words. |
Phonemes | Are individual speech sounds and how they are produced, depending on their placement in a syllable or word. |
Morphology | Is the system that governs the structure of words |
Morpheme | Is the smallest meaningful unit of speech |
Syntax | Provides rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences. |
Semantics | Refers to the meaning of what is expressed. |
Pragmatics | Refers to the use of communication in context. |
Social Interaction Theories | Emphasizes that communication skills are learned through social interactions. |
Articulation | Is speakers production of individual or sequenced sounds. |
Intensity | (loudness or softness) is based on the perception of the listener and is determined by the air pressure coming from the lungs through the vocal folds. |
Substitutions | Occur when a person substitutes one sounds for another, as when a child subs /d/ for the voiced /th/ ("doze" for "those") |
Omissions | occur when a child leaves a phoneme out of a word. |
Additions | Occurs when students place a vowel between 2 consonants. |
Distortions | Are modifications of the production of a phoneme in a word. |
Pitch | Is affected by the tension and size of the vocal folds, the health of the larynx, and the location of the larynx. |
Hypernasality | Is when air is allowed to pass through the nasal cavity on sounds other than /m/, /n/, and /ng/. |
Fluency | Is the rate and rhythm of speaking. |
Specific language Impairment | Describes a language disorder with no identifiable cause in a person with apparently normal development in all other areas. |
Organic Disorders | Are those caused by an identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person. |
Functional Disorders | Are those with no identifiable organic or neurological cause. |
Congenital Disorder | Is a disorder that occurs at or before birth |
Acquired Disorder | Is a disorder that occurs well after birth. |
Bilingual | Refers to someone who uses two languages equally well. |
Bidialectal | Refers to someone who uses two variations of a language. |
System for Augmenting Language (SAL) | Focuses on augmented input of language. |
Duration | Is the length of time any speech sound requires. |
Resonance | Is determined by the way in which the tone coming from the vocal folds is modified by the spaces of the throat, mouth, and nose. |
Hyponasality | Occurs because air cannot pass through the nose and comes through the mouth instead. |