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Programming I
Exam I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an expression? | A combination of variables, constants, operators, and functions that produces a value. |
| What is a data type? | A classification that determines what kind of value a variable can hold (e.g., int, float, double, char). |
| What is Structured Programming? | A programming paradigm emphasizing sequence, selection, and repetition with clear, modular code. |
| What does int store? | Whole numbers (usually 4 bytes). |
| What does float store? | Single-precision decimal values (about 6 digits of precision). |
| What does double store? | Double-precision decimal values (about 15 digits of precision). |
| What does char store? | Single characters (1 byte, stored as ASCII). |
| What does short store and when to use it? | Smaller integer range (usually 2 bytes), used when memory is limited. |
| What does long store and when to use it? | Larger integer range than int (usually 4 or 8 bytes depending on system). |
| What does long long store and when to use it? | Very large integer range (at least 8 bytes), used when numbers exceed long. |
| What rules must variable names follow? | Start with a letter or underscore, no spaces, no special characters. |
| How should constants be named? | Typically in ALL_CAPS per course standard. |
| What printf specifier is used for int? | %d |
| What printf specifier is used for char? | %c |
| What printf specifier is used for float? | %f |
| What printf specifier is used for double? | %lf |
| Why must you use & in scanf? | It provides the memory address of the variable where input will be stored. |
| How do you print with 2 decimal places? | printf("%.2f", value); |
| What does % (modulo) do? | Finds the remainder of integer division. |
| What is the difference between ++x and x++? | ++x increments before use (pre-increment), x++ increments after use (post-increment). |
| What happens when you divide two integers in C? | The result is truncated (decimal part discarded). |
| Is dividing by zero valid? | No, it is incorrect/invalid. |
| Can you use % on floating-point numbers? | No, only integers. |
| What is implicit type promotion? | Smaller types automatically convert to larger ones (e.g., int → double). |
| What is explicit conversion? | A cast like (double)x / y. |
| What are relational operators? | ==, !=, >, <, >=, <= |
| What are logical operators? | && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT) |
| What is a single-selection construct? | if (condition) { } |
| What is a two-way selection construct? | if (condition) { } else { } |
| What is a multi-way selection construct? | if … else if … else … |
| Common errors in C programs include? | Missing semicolons, wrong specifiers, missing & in scanf, misplaced braces, undeclared variables. |
| What should you check in broken sample programs? | Missing keywords, braces {}, semicolons, or format specifiers. |
| Operator Precedence : Highest to lowest | ++ / -- (pre/post increment & decrement) *, /, % (multiplication, division, modulo) +, - (addition, subtraction) ==, != (equality, inequality) && (logical AND) || (logical OR) |
| Which has higher precedence, * or +? | * (multiplication before addition). |
| Which has higher precedence, && or ||? | && (evaluated before ||). |
| Which has higher precedence, == or &&? | == (evaluated before logical AND). |
| What does -- do? | Decreases a variable’s value by 1. |
| What is the difference between ++x and x++? | ++x increments before use, x++ increments after use. |
| Does implicit conversion require (type) casting? | No, it happens automatically. |
| What happens in double y = 5 + 2.5;? | 5 (int) is promoted to 5.0 (double). |
| What happens when you use a char in arithmetic? | It is promoted to its ASCII integer value. |
| What does %5d mean? | Print an integer in a field at least 5 characters wide (pads with spaces on the left). |
| Example: printf("%5d", 42); → Output? | " 42" (3 spaces + 42). |
| What does %.2f mean? | Print a floating-point number with 2 digits after the decimal. |
| Example: printf("%.2f", 3.14159); → Output? | "3.14" |
| Example: printf("%8.2f", 3.14159); → Output? | " 3.14" (4 spaces + 3.14). |
| Does the decimal point count toward minimum width in printf()? | Yes, the decimal counts as 1 character. |
| What range can a signed short hold? | –32,768 to 32,767. |
| Example of value that fits in short? | Age in years (e.g., 25). |
| What range can a signed int hold? | –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. |
| Example of value that fits in int? | Population of a large U.S. city (e.g., 2,500,000). |
| Example of value that fits in long? | World population (8,000,000,000). |
| Example of value that fits in long long? | Distance in meters to the nearest star (40,208,000,000,000,000 m). |
| How do you print a long with printf()? | printf("%ld", population); |
| How do you print an int and short with printf()? | printf("%d", variable); |
| How do you print a long long with printf()? | printf("%lld", distance); |
| What is the naming convention called when variables are written like numberOfShoes? | camelCase (lower camel case). |
| : What is an IDE used for? | It combines tools like a code editor, compiler/interpreter, and debugger to make writing, running, and debugging programs easier. |
| What does a compiler do? | Translates the entire source code into machine code (or bytecode) before running the program. |
| What is the main difference between a compiler and an interpreter? | A compiler translates the whole program at once (faster execution after compiling), while an interpreter runs the program step by step (slower execution but easier debugging). |
| What is an array in programming? | An array is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations. |
| What is a string in programming? | A string is a sequence of characters stored in an array, usually ending with a null character '\0'. |
| How do strings differ from normal arrays? | Strings are arrays of char with a terminating '\0', while normal arrays can hold any data type without a required terminator. |
| What is an inline (single-line) comment in C? | A comment that begins with // and continues to the end of the line. |
| What is a block (multi-line) comment in C? | A comment that starts with /* and ends with */, which can span multiple lines. |
| What is the main difference between defined and memory constants? | #define constants are handled by the preprocessor (text replacement, no memory used). const constants are handled by the compiler (they occupy memory like variables but cannot be modified). |
| Give an example of a defined constant. | #define PI 3.14159 printf("%f", PI); // prints 3.14159 |
| What is a character literal in C? | A single character enclosed in single quotes (' '), representing an integer value from the ASCII table. |
| In C, how are Boolean values represented? | By integers: 0 is false, and any non-zero value is true. |
| Are negative integral values considered true or false? | Any negative (or positive) non-zero value is considered true. |
| Which values evaluate as false in C? | Only 0 (zero). |
Created by:
evelynashe
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