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WEEK 14

WEEK 7-13

TermDefinition
Resting Membrane Potential - Difference in charge across the membrane (~–70 mV), maintained by Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase and leak channels.
Action Potential Rapid depolarization and repolarization due to voltage-gated Na⁺ and K⁺ channels.
Saltatory Conduction AP jumps between nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons, increasing speed.
Neurotransmitter Release Triggered by Ca²⁺ influx at axon terminal; vesicles fuse and release into synaptic cleft.
EPSP vs IPSP Excitatory vs inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; determine likelihood of AP firing.
CNS Components Brain + spinal cord; integration and processing center.
PNS Divisions Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary).
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic "Fight or flight" vs "Rest and digest"; use norepinephrine vs acetylcholine.
Photoreceptors Rods (low light) and cones (color vision) in retina.
Mechanoreceptors Detect pressure, vibration, stretch (e.g., Pacinian corpuscles).
Endocrine vs Nervous Slower, longer-lasting signals via hormones.
Cardiac Cycle Systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation); controls blood flow.
SA Node Pacemaker; initiates electrical impulse.
Blood Types Based on antigens (A, B, AB, O); important for transfusions.
Lymphatic Function Fluid recovery, immune surveillance, lipid absorption.
Innate Immunity Non-specific defenses (skin, inflammation, phagocytes).
Adaptive Immunity Specific response via B cells (antibodies) and T cells (cytotoxic/helper).
Partial Pressure Gradient Drives O₂ into blood, CO₂ out.
Ventilation Control Medulla oblongata regulates breathing rate.
Alveoli Site of gas exchange; thin walls + capillaries.
Enzymes Amylase (carbs), lipase (fats), pepsin (proteins).
Peristalsis Rhythmic contractions move food through GI tract.
-Liver Functions Detoxification, bile production, nutrient storage.
Microbiome Gut bacteria aid digestion, immunity, and vitamin synthesis.
Created by: kamcook2434
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