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Physio Ch 7
Study stack. Second set
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute refractory period | A short time after a nerve or muscle cell sends a signal when it can’t send another signal at all, no matter how strong the trigger is. It’s like a brief “no-reply” mode while it resets. |
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter released by certain nerve cells that facilitates communication between neurons and between neurons and muscles or glands. |
| Action potential | A rapid, temporary change in the electrical charge across the membrane of a neuron or muscle fiber that propagates along the cell to transmit information or trigger a physiological response. |
| Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) | A temporary change in the postsynaptic neuron’s membrane potential that makes it more negative and less likely to produce an action potential. |
| Ionotropic receptor | A type of receptor protein in the cell membrane that directly opens or closes an ion channel when a neurotransmitter binds to it, producing a rapid cellular response. |
| Local potential | A small, graded change in the membrane potential of a neuron, occurring in a specific area of the cell membrane. Local potentials can be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing and may lead to an action potential if they reach threshold. |
| Membrane potential | The electrical difference (voltage) across a cell’s plasma membrane, resulting from the unequal distribution of ions inside and outside the cell. |
| Neuromodulator | A chemical messenger released by neurons that alters the activity of other neurons or synapses over a longer time scale than typical neurotransmitters. |
| Neuropeptide | A small protein-like molecule made up of chains of amino acids, functioning as a signaling molecule in the nervous system. Many neuropeptides act as neuromodulators, influencing mood, pain perception, appetite, and other long-term processes. |
| Neurotransmitter | A chemical messenger released from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, where it binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell to produce rapid, specific effects such as excitation or inhibition of the target cell. |
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