Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Week 7-13
Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the functional unit of the nervous system? | The neuron. |
| What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron? | About –70 mV, maintained by the sodium-potassium pump. |
| Which ions are higher outside the neuron at rest? | Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻). |
| What triggers an action potential? | Depolarization to the threshold potential (~ –55 mV). |
| Which ion rushes in during depolarization? | Sodium (Na⁺). |
| Which ion rushes out during repolarization? | Potassium (K⁺). |
| What is the refractory period? | Time when a neuron cannot fire another action potential. |
| What covers axons to speed nerve impulse conduction? | Myelin sheath. |
| What is saltatory conduction? | Impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons. |
| What type of signal transfer happens at a synapse? | Neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft. |
| What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? | Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). |
| What makes up the CNS? | Brain and spinal cord. |
| What makes up the PNS? | Cranial and spinal nerves. |
| Which PNS division controls voluntary movement? | Somatic nervous system. |
| Which PNS division controls involuntary functions? | Autonomic nervous system (ANS). |
| What are the two branches of the ANS? | Sympathetic and parasympathetic. |
| What is the “fight-or-flight” system? | Sympathetic nervous system. |
| What is the “rest-and-digest” system? | Parasympathetic nervous system. |
| Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination? | Cerebellum. |
| Which part of the brain acts as a relay station for sensory signals? | Thalamus. |
| What are the five traditional senses? | Sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. |
| Which sense uses photoreceptors? | Vision. |
| Which sense uses mechanoreceptors in the cochlea? | Hearing. |
| Which nerve carries smell information to the brain? | Olfactory nerve (CN I). |
| Which sense detects body position and movement? | Proprioception. |
| What is the master endocrine gland? | Pituitary gland. |
| Which gland controls metabolism? | Thyroid gland |
| Which gland produces insulin? | Pancreas. |
| Which gland produces adrenaline? | Adrenal medulla. |
| What is a hormone? | A chemical messenger secreted into the blood to regulate body functions. |
| What is the heart’s primary function? | Pump blood throughout the body. |
| How many chambers are in the heart? | Four – right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle. |
| Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs? | Right side. |
| Which side of the heart pumps blood to the body? | Left side. |
| What prevents backflow of blood in the heart | Valves. |
| What is systole? | Contraction phase of the heart. |
| What is diastole? | Relaxation phase of the heart. |
| What are the three main types of blood cells? | Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets. |
| What protein in red blood cells carries oxygen? | Hemoglobin. |
| What is the normal average adult heart rate? | About 60–100 beats per minute. |
| What is the main function of the lymphatic system? | Return fluid to the blood and aid in immune defense. |
| What fluid does the lymphatic system carry? | Lymph. |
| What are lymph nodes? | Small structures that filter lymph and house immune cells |
| What organ filters blood and removes old red blood cells? | Spleen. |
| What are the body’s first line of defense? | Skin and mucous membranes. |
| What type of immunity is present at birth? | Innate immunity. |
| What type of immunity develops after exposure to pathogens? | Adaptive immunity. |
| What cells make antibodies? | B lymphocytes (plasma cells). |
| What cells attack infected or cancerous cells directly? | T lymphocytes (cytotoxic T cells). |
| What is an antigen? | Any substance that triggers an immune response. |
| What is the main function of the respiratory system? | Gas exchange – oxygen in, carbon dioxide out. |
| What muscle is the primary driver of breathing? | Diaphragm. |
| What structures carry air to the lungs? | Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. |
| What structures are the site of gas exchange? | Alveoli. |
| What protein carries oxygen in the blood? | Hemoglobin. |
| What is tidal volume? | Normal amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath. |
| What is vital capacity? | Maximum amount of air exhaled after a deep breath in. |
| How does oxygen move from lungs to blood? | By diffusion from high to low concentration. |
| What part of the brain controls breathing rate? | Medulla oblongata. |
| What is hypoxia? | Low oxygen levels in the tissues. |
| What is the main function of the digestive system? | Break down food and absorb nutrients. |
| What is mechanical digestion? | Physical breakdown of food (chewing, churning). |
| What is chemical digestion? | Enzymatic breakdown of food molecules. |
| What enzyme in saliva starts starch digestion? | Amylase. |
| Where does most nutrient absorption occur? | Small intestine. |
| What increases surface area for absorption in the small intestine? | Villi and microvilli. |
| What organ produces bile? | Liver. |
| What organ stores bile? | Gallbladder. |
| What organ produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate? | Pancreas. |
| What is peristalsis? | Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. |
Created by:
MichisMitchell
Popular Physiology sets