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Week 12 Physiology

Chapter 36 Ventilation

What is ventilation? The mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs (breathing).
What are the two phases of ventilation? Inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation).
What happens during inspiration? The diaphragm contracts, chest volume increases, lung pressure decreases, and air flows into the lungs.
What happens during expiration? The diaphragm relaxes, chest volume decreases, lung pressure increases, and air is pushed out.
What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing? It contracts during inhalation to flatten and expand the chest, and relaxes during exhalation to return to a dome shape.
What muscles assist in inspiration? The external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.
What muscles assist in forced expiration? The internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles.
What happens to intrapulmonary pressure during inhalation? It decreases, allowing air to enter the lungs.
What happens to intrapulmonary pressure during exhalation? It increases, pushing air out of the lungs.
What is atmospheric pressure? The air pressure outside the body, usually about 760 mmHg at sea level.
What is intrapulmonary pressure? The pressure inside the lungs (alveoli); it changes with inhalation and exhalation.
What is intrapleural pressure? The pressure between the lungs and the chest wall; it’s always slightly negative to keep lungs inflated.
Why must intrapleural pressure remain negative? To prevent lung collapse and keep lungs expanded against the chest wall.
What is quiet breathing? Normal, restful breathing using only the diaphragm and external intercostals.
What is forced breathing? Breathing that uses extra muscles during exercise or respiratory stress.
What is labored breathing? Difficult or obstructed breathing often seen in respiratory illness.
What causes air to move in and out of the lungs? Pressure differences between the atmosphere and the lungs (high to low pressure).
How does lung volume relate to pressure during breathing? When volume increases, pressure decreases (air flows in); when volume decreases, pressure increases (air flows out).
What is ventilation? The mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs (breathing).
What is inspiration (inhalation)? Breathing in; diaphragm contracts, chest expands, pressure drops, air flows into lungs.
What is expiration (exhalation)? Breathing out; diaphragm relaxes, chest volume decreases, pressure rises, air is pushed out.
What is the diaphragm? The main muscle used for breathing; flattens during inhalation, domes up during exhalation.
What are intercostal muscles? Muscles between ribs that help expand (external) or compress (internal) the chest.
What is atmospheric pressure? The pressure of the air outside the body, about 760 mmHg at sea level.
What is intrapulmonary pressure? The air pressure inside the lungs (alveoli); it changes with each breath.
What is intrapleural pressure? Pressure in the pleural space between lungs and chest wall; always slightly negative to keep lungs inflated.
What does Boyle’s Law say about breathing? As volume increases, pressure decreases (and vice versa); this is how air moves in and out of the lungs.
What is quiet breathing? Normal, relaxed breathing using only the diaphragm and external intercostals.
What is forced breathing? Deep, active breathing using extra muscles during exercise or stress.
What is labored breathing? Difficult or obstructed breathing, often seen with illness or low oxygen.
What is elastic recoil? The lungs’ natural ability to return to their original shape after being stretched during inhalation.
What is the respiratory cycle? One full breath — one inhalation and one exhalation.
What is thoracic volume? The size of the chest cavity; it changes to create pressure differences that move air in and out.
Created by: MichisMitchell
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