Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
T.L.O.M CH11
The Language of Medicine Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aorta | Largest artery in the body. |
| Apex of the Heart | Lower tip of the heart. |
| Arteriole | Small artery. |
| Artery | Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body. |
| Atrioventricular Bundle (bundle of His) | Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them. |
| Atrioventricular Node | Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) toward the ventricles. |
| Atrium | One of two upper chambers of the heart. |
| Capillary | Smallest type of blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls. |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation. |
| Carotid Arteries | Two common carotid arteries located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and p;rovide blood to head, neck, and brain. |
| Coronary Arteries | Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. |
| Deoxygenated Blood | Blood that is oxygen-poor. |
| Diastole | Relaxation phase of the heartbeat. Tricuspid and mitral valves are closed. |
| Electrocardiogram | Record of the electrical activity of the heart. The electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T. |
| Endocardium | Inner lining of the heart. |
| Endothelium | Innermost lining of blood vessels. |
| Mitral Valve | Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve. |
| Murmur | Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves. |
| Myocardium | Muscular middle layer of the heart. |
| Normal Sinus Rhythm | Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute. |
| Oxygen | Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells. |
| Pacemaker (sinoatrial node) | Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. An artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning. |
| Pericardium | Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart. |
| Pulmonary Artery | Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs. |
| Pulmonary Circulation | Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. |
| Pulmonary Valve | Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. |
| Pulmonary Vein | One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. |
| Pulse | Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries. |
| Septum | Partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum) |
| Sinoatrial Node | Pacemaker of the heart. |
| Sphygmomanometer | Instrument to measure blood pressure. |
| Systemic Circulation | Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues. |
| Systole | Contraction phase of the heartbeat. |
| Tricuspid Valve | Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three (tri-) leaflets, or cusps. |
| Valve | Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction. |
| Vena Cava | Largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart. |
| Ventricle | One of two lower chambers of the heart. |
| Venule | Small vein. |
| Angi/o | Vessel |
| Aort/o | Aorta |
| Arter/o, arteri/o | Artery |
| Ather/o | Yellowish plaque, fatty substance. |
| Atri/o | Atrium, upper heart chamber. |
| Brachi/o | Arm |
| Cardi/o | Heart |
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Abnormal thickening of heart muscle. |
| Cholesterol/o | Cholesterol (a lipid substance) |
| Coron/o | Heart |
| Cyan/o | Blue |
| Myx/o | Mucus |
| Ox/o | Oxygen |
| Pericardi/o | Pericardium |
| Phleb/o | Vein |
| Rrhythm/o | rhythm |
| Sphygm/o | Pulse |
| Steth/o | Chest |
| Thromb/o | Clot |
| Valvul/o, valv/o | Valve |
| Vas/o | Vessel |
| Vascul/o | Vessel |
| Ven/o, Ven/i | Vein |
| Ventricul/o | Ventricle, lower heart chamber. |
| Arrhythmias | Abnormal heart rhythms. |
| Bradycardia/heart block | Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His). |
| Flutter | Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria. |
| Fibrillation | Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute). |
| Atrial Fibrillation (AF) | Most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. Common symptoms are palpitations (uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heartbeats), fatigue, and shortness of breath. |
| Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (AF) | Irregular heartbeats occur periodically and episodically. Ineffective atrial contractions can lead to the formation of blood clots in the left atrial appendage. |
| Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) | Electrical impulses move randomly throughout the ventricles. May result in sudden cardiac death or cardiac arrest (sudden stoppage of heart movement) unless help is provided immediately. |
| Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) | A small electrical device that is implanted inside the chest (near the collarbone) to sense arrhythmias and terminate them with an electric shock. |
| Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) | Used in an emergency situation to reverse ventricular fibrillation. |
| Catheter Ablation | A minimally invasive treatment to treat cardiac arrhythmias, using radiofrequency energy or extreme cold (cryoablation) delivered from the tip of a catheter inserted through a blood vessel and into the heart, destroys tissue that causes arrhythmias. |
| Congenital Heart Disease | Abnormalities in the heart at birth. |
| Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) | Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta. |
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) | Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth. |
| Septal Defects | Small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects). |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects. 1. Pulmonary artery stenosis. 2. Ventricular septal defect. 3. Shift of the aorta to the right. 4. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle. |
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) | Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood. |
| Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) | A type of congestive heart failure. Ejection fraction measures the amount of blood the left ventricle of the heart pumps out to your body with each heartbeat. In HFrEF, the left ventricle does not pump enough blood. |
| Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) | A type of congestive heart failure. In HFpEF the ejection fraction is in normal range. |
| Pulmonary Edema | Fluid accumulation in the lungs. |
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart. |
| Atherosclerosis | Deposition of fatty compounds on the inner lining of the coronary arteries. |
| Thrombotic Occlusion | Blocking of the coronary artery by a clot. |
| Ischemia | Decreased blood flow. |
| Myocardial Infarction | Heart Attack. |
| Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs) | Conditions caused by myocardial ischemia. These conditions are unstable angina (chest pain at rest or chest pain of increasing frequency) and myocardial infarction. |
| Nitroglycerin | A vasodilator that increases coronary blood flow and lowers blood pressure. |
| Aspirin | Drug used to prevent clumping of platelets. |
| Beta Blockers | Drug used to reduce the force and speed of the heartbeat and to lower blood pressure. |
| ACE Inhibitors | Drug used to reduce high blood pressure and the risk of future heart attack even if the patient is not hypertensive. |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | Drug used to relax muscles in blood vessels. |
| Statins | Drug used to lower cholesterol levels. |
| Endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. |
| Hypertensive Heart Disease | High blood pressure affecting the heart. |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) | Improper closure of the mitral valve. |
| Murmur | Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats. Usually are caused by a valvular defect or disease that disrupts the smooth flow of blood in the heart. |
| Pericarditis | Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart. |
| Rheumatic Heart Disease | Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever. |
| Aneurysm | Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall. |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb. |
| Hypertension (HTN) | High blood pressure. |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) | Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs. |
| Raynaud Disease (Raynaud’s) | Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes. |
| Varicose Veins | Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs. |
| BNP Test | Measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood. |
| Cardiac Biomarkers | Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack. |
| Lipid Tests (lipid profile) | Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample. |
| Lipoprotein Electrophoresis | Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample. |
| Angiography | X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material. |
| Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) | Three-dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography (64-slice CT scanner). |
| Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) | Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels. |
| Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT or EBT) | Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD. |
| Doppler Ultrasound Studies | Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels. |
| Echocardiography | Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart. |
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan | Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose. |
| Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Scan | Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning. |
| Thallium 201 Scan | Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle. |
| Cardiac MRI | Images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field. |
| Cardiac Catheterization | Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery. |
| Electrocardiography (ECG) | Recording of electricity flowing through the heart. |
| Holter Monitoring | An ECG device is worn over a prolonged period to detect cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Stress Test | Exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress). |
| Catheter Ablation | Brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to ablate (remove) areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation. |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) | Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages. |
| Defibrillation | Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation). |
Created by:
chujacqueline
Popular Physiology sets