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Kenika Eison

Physiology Week 1-6

At which organizational levels does physiology operate? From cellular → tissue → organ → system → organism level—function emerges at each successive level.
Define homeostasis. Maintenance of stable internal conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, osmolality) via feedback mechanisms.
Differentiate negative vs. positive feedback. Negative feedback reverses a change ; positive feedback amplifies it.
Why are electrolytes essential in physiology? Electrolytes like Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ conduct nerve impulses, regulate heart rhythm, and maintain fluid balance.
How does membrane structure support function? The fluid mosaic membrane with selective proteins controls substance trafficking, cell signaling, and integrity.
Compare diffusion vs. active transport. Diffusion moves molecules down a gradient without energy; active transport moves them uphill using ATP.
What role does extracellular matrix (ECM) play in tissues? It supports, communicates, and aids in tissue repair by interacting with cells and signaling pathways.
How do epithelial tissues support physiological function? They protect, secrete, absorb, and sense—key roles in organ function (e.g., kidneys, skin).
What is the function of nervous tissue? It transmits electrical signals to coordinate functions like sensation, movement, and homeostasis.
How does skin regulate body temperature? Through sweat and vasodilation/vasoconstriction, it dissipates or conserves heat for thermoregulation.
How does bone tissue contribute to calcium homeostasis? Bones store Ca²⁺ and release it via osteoclasts when blood calcium is low, regulated by hormones.
How does the skull protect brain function? Provides a rigid barrier against impact
How do joints facilitate movement? Synovial joints allow mobility; ligaments and cartilage stabilize and prevent damage during motion.
What is muscle tone? A low-level continuous contraction from spinal reflexes that maintains posture and readiness.
Created by: keison
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