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Physio ch 4

Biomolecule terms

TermDefinition
Carbohydrates Organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (typically in a 1:2:1 ratio), serving as a primary energy source and providing structural support. Examples include glucose, cellulose, and glycogen.
Disaccharides Carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharides, such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar), used for energy storage and transport.
Monosaccharides The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules such as glucose and fructose, which serve as building blocks for more complex carbohydrates.
Polysaccharides Complex carbohydrates made of many monosaccharide units, such as starch (plant energy storage), cellulose (plant cell wall structure), and glycogen (animal energy storage).
Lipids Hydrophobic biomolecules, including fats, oils, and steroids, primarily used for long-term energy storage, cell membrane structure, and hormone synthesis. Examples include triglycerides and cholesterol
Triglycerides A type of lipid composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule, serving as a major form of energy storage in humans and animals.
Proteins Biomolecules made of amino acids, essential for cell structure, function, and regulation. Examples include enzymes (catalyze reactions), antibodies (immune defense), and hemoglobin (oxygen transport).
Phospholipids Lipids with two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule, forming the primary structure of cell membranes by creating a bilayer.
Nucleic Acids Biomolecules, such as DNA and RNA, responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information, with DNA carrying the hereditary blueprint and RNA aiding in gene expression.
Enzymes Specialized proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed, such as amylase (breaks down starches) and protease (breaks down proteins).
Created by: bidemi205
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