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Penda Boma
Human Physiology Week 1- 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment |
| Negative Feedback | A control mechanism in which a change in a physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change, restoring balance |
| Positive Feedback | A control mechanism in which a change in a variable amplifies the initial stimulus, moving the system further from its starting state |
| Set Point | The ideal value for a physiological parameter around which the body tries to maintain homeostasis. |
| Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) | The selectively permeable barrier surrounding the cell, composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | A double layer of phospholipids that forms the fundamental structure of the cell membrane, providing fluidity and barrier functions. |
| Integral Protein | A protein embedded within the cell membrane that assists in transport, signaling, or maintaining cell structure. |
| Selective Permeability | The property of the cell membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through while restricting others. |
| Epithelial Tissue | Layers of cells that cover body surfaces or line internal cavities, providing protection, absorption, and secretion. |
| Connective Tissue | Tissue that supports, binds, or separates other tissues and organs, containing cells, fibers, and ground substance. |
| Keratinocyte | The primary cell type in the epidermis, responsible for producing keratin, a protein that provides strength and waterproofing to the skin. |
| Melanocyte | A cell in the skin that produces melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and protection against UV radiation. |
| Osteocyte | A mature bone cell involved in maintaining bone tissue. |
| Osteoblast | A cell that synthesizes bone matrix and is responsible for bone formation. |
| Osteoclast | A cell that breaks down bone tissue, important for bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis. |
| Support | The function of the skeleton to provide a rigid framework that supports the body’s soft tissues and organs. |
| Myosin | A motor protein in muscle fibers that interacts with actin to produce muscle contraction |
| Actin | A protein that forms thin filaments in muscle fibers and, together with myosin, is responsible for muscle contraction |
| Sarcomere | The basic contractile unit of muscle fiber, composed of repeating units of actin and myosin filaments. |
| Ligand-Gated Ion Channel | A transmembrane protein that opens or closes in response to the binding of a specific chemical messenger (ligand), allowing ions to pass through the membrane and rapidly alter cell membrane potential. |
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