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A & P chapter 3

QuestionAnswer
cell theory 1. smallest structural + functional unit of life 2. organisms function depends on individual cells + their functions 3. All biochemical activity of cells depend on their organelles 4. All cells come preexisting cells
plasma membrane phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
plasma membrane function 1. Transport - control what enters + leaves 2. Attachment - connect to cytoskeleton to keep organelles in place 3. Enzyme production activity 4. Cell to cell joining 5. cell to cell recognition
Receptors interact with specific hormones/ enzymes allows metabolic change
diffusion movement of substances from high concentration to lower concentration down a concentration gradient
osmosis movement of fluid through semipermeable membrane
facilitiated transport passive transport, no energy required
osmotic pressure minimum pressure that must be applied to a solution to halt the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane
hydrostatic pressure rest fluid pressure, refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the column of that fluid above a specific point in it
vesicular transport using vesicles to transport large macromolecules and fluids, expand and contract plasma membrane
phagocytosis cell eating
pincytosis cell drinking
mitochondria membranous, produces ATP
Rough ER membranous, produce proteins/protein synthesis
smooth ER membranous, manufacture lipids + hormones
ribosomes non membranous, responsible for protein synthesis
cilia movement structure
Nucleus membranous, DNA genetic information, growth, metabolism
nucleolus inside Nucleus, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, processing, and ribosome subunit assembly
golgi apparatus membranous distributes and packages proteins
lysosomes membranous, cells digestive system
centrioles Non membranous, organize microtubules (MTOC)
flagella longer than cilia, still movement
cell cycle 2 major divisions: Interphase + Mitotic
mitosis 2 identical daughter cell, 46 chromosomes
rRNA ribosomal RNA
mRNA messenger RNA
tRNA transfer RNA
Transcription making mRNA, inside nucleus
Translation protein synthesis, inside cytoplasm
Nitrogen bases of DNA Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
Nitrogen bases of RNA Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
Hyperosmotic water goes out, cell shrivels (hypertonic)
Hypoosmotic water goes in, cell expands and explodes (hypotonic)
Isosmotic cell stays the same (isotonic)
Fluid mosiac model dynamic and flexible layer composed of various lipids and proteins
cytoskeleton structures microfilament, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Ribosomes assemblage process involving the coordinated construction of ribosomal subunits, essential for protein synthesis
G1 protein synthesis, organelles duplicate, centrioles BEGIN replication
S DNA duplicates
G2 protein synthesis continues, centrioles FINSIH replication
5 steps of mitosis Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
codon 3 base sequence of mRNA
anticodon 3 base sequence of tRNA
chromatid loose DNA, not dividing
chromosome Chromatin DNA coils, dividing
5 thins for protein synthesis 1. Ribosomes 2. mRNA 3. tRNA 4. Amino Acid 5. rRNA
folds of inner mitochondria cristae
peroxisomes membranous, enzymes to break down fat
solvent fluid
solute solid
cytoskeleton function Non membranous, cell division, transport, structure, cytokinesis
tonicity process of how cell is going to react when dropped into various concentrations of solutions
osmalarity how concentrated a solution is
Active transport energy is required Primary (Na+/K+ pump - membrane potential) Vesicular - using vesicles, expand and contract plasma membrane
endocitosis into cell
exocitosis exit cell
vacuoles storage organelles
Created by: GabbyS1
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